A rare case of Japanese encephalitis-induced anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis

• Published in: Neurology India Vol. 66; no. 5; pp. 1495 - 1496
• Main Authors: Shaik, Reshma, Netravathi, M, Nitish, L, Mani, R, Shah, P, Damodar, T, Anita, M, Pal, P
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: India Wolters Kluwer India Pvt. Ltd 01-09-2018; Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd; Medknow Publications & Media Pvt. Ltd
• Subjects: Autoimmune diseases; Encephalitis; Immunoglobulins; NMR; Nuclear magnetic resonance; China; India
• ISSN: 0028-3886; 1998-4022
• DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.241335

In view of recurrent neuropsychiatric disturbances, she was re-evaluated and found to have positive JE titers and anti-NMDAR titers in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). {Figure 1} The definitive diagnosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis is based on the clinical manifestations, the CSF findings, the brain MRI, the EEG findings, and the presence of antibodies against the NR1 subunit of NMDARs. [1],[2],[3],[4] Research is warranted in the prospective evaluation of all viral encephalitis with autoimmune antibodies to study whether or not these antibodies are present during the phase of acute infection or during the relapse, as the presence of these antibodies during the occurrence of viral encephalitis may warrant adjuvant treatment with steroids along with antiviral drugs.