Pharmacokinetics, metabolism and safety of deuterated L‐DOPA (SD‐1077)/carbidopa compared to L‐DOPA/carbidopa following single oral dose administration in healthy subjects

• Published in: British journal of clinical pharmacology Vol. 84; no. 10; pp. 2422 - 2432
• Main Authors: Schneider, Frank, Erisson, Lavi, Beygi, Hooman, Bradbury, Margaret, Cohen‐Barak, Orit, Grachev, Igor D., Guzy, Serge, Loupe, Pippa S., Levi, Micha, McDonald, Mirna, Savola, Juha‐Matti, Papapetropoulos, Spyros, Tracewell, William G., Velinova, Maria, Spiegelstein, Ofer
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England John Wiley and Sons Inc 01-10-2018
• Subjects: Administration, Oral; Adult; Antiparkinson Agents - administration & dosage; Antiparkinson Agents - adverse effects; Antiparkinson Agents - chemistry; Antiparkinson Agents - pharmacokinetics; Area Under Curve; Carbidopa - administration & dosage; Carbidopa - adverse effects; Carbidopa - pharmacokinetics; Cross-Over Studies; deuterated; deuterium; Deuterium - chemistry; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination - adverse effects; Drug Therapy, Combination - methods; Female; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Levodopa - administration & dosage; Levodopa - adverse effects; Levodopa - chemistry; Levodopa - pharmacokinetics; L‐DOPA; Male; metabolism; Original; Parkinson Disease - drug therapy; Parkinson's disease; pharmacokinetics; Prodrugs - administration & dosage; Prodrugs - adverse effects; Prodrugs - chemistry; Prodrugs - pharmacokinetics; SD‐1077; Parkinson's disease; SD-1077; deuterated; deuterium; L-DOPA; pharmacokinetics; metabolism
• ISSN: 0306-5251; 1365-2125
• DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13702

Aims
SD‐1077, a selectively deuterated precursor of dopamine (DA) structurally related to L‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (L‐DOPA), is under development for treatment of motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Preclinical models have shown slower metabolism of central deuterated DA. The present study investigated the peripheral pharmacokinetics (PK), metabolism and safety of SD‐1077.
Methods
Plasma and urine PK of drug and metabolites and safety after a single oral 150 mg SD‐1077 dose were compared to 150 mg L‐DOPA, each in combination with 37.5 mg carbidopa (CD) in a double‐blind, two‐period, crossover study in healthy volunteers (n = 16).
Results
Geometric least squares mean ratios (GMRs) and 90% confidence intervals (90% CI) of SD‐1077 vs. L‐DOPA for Cmax, AUC0–t, and AUC0–inf were 88.4 (75.9–103.1), 89.5 (84.1–95.3), and 89.6 (84.2–95.4), respectively. Systemic exposure to DA was significantly higher after SD‐1077/CD compared to that after L‐DOPA/CD, with GMRs (90% CI) of 1.8 (1.45–2.24; P = 0.0005) and 2.06 (1.68–2.52; P < 0.0001) for Cmax and AUC0–t and a concomitant reduction in the ratio of 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid/DA confirming slower metabolic breakdown of DA by monoamine oxidase (MAO). There were increases in systemic exposures to metabolites of catechol O‐methyltransferase (COMT) reaction, 3‐methoxytyramine (3‐MT) and 3‐O‐methyldopa (3‐OMD) with GMRs (90% CI) for SD‐1077/CD to L‐DOPA/CD for 3‐MT exposure of 1.33 (1.14–1.56; P = 0.0077) and 1.66 (1.42–1.93; P < 0.0001) for Cmax and AUC0–t, respectively and GMRs (90% CI) for 3‐OMD of 1.19 (1.15, 1.23; P < 0.0001) and 1.31 (1.27, 1.36; P < 0.0001) for Cmax and AUC0–t. SD‐1077/CD exhibited comparable tolerability and safety to L‐DOPA/CD.
Conclusions
SD‐1077/CD demonstrated the potential to prolong exposure to central DA at comparable peripheral PK and safety to the reference L‐DOPA/CD combination. A single dose of SD‐1077 is safe for further clinical development in Parkinson's disease patients.