Antibiotic Resistance in an Indian Rural Community: A 'One-Health' Observational Study on Commensal Coliform from Humans, Animals, and Water

• Published in: International journal of environmental research and public health Vol. 14; no. 4; p. 386
• Main Authors: Purohit, Manju Raj, Chandran, Salesh, Shah, Harshada, Diwan, Vishal, Tamhankar, Ashok J, Stålsby Lundborg, Cecilia
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 06-04-2017; MDPI
• Subjects: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology; Antibiotic resistance; Antibiotics; Antimicrobial agents; Bacteria; beta-Lactamases - metabolism; Cephalosporins; Child, Preschool; Children; Coliforms; Colistin; Drinking water; Drinking Water - microbiology; Drug resistance; Drug Resistance, Microbial - genetics; E coli; Environmental Monitoring; Escherichia coli - enzymology; Escherichia coli - genetics; Escherichia coli - isolation & purification; Ethics; Feces - microbiology; Female; Genes; Genotypes; Households; Humans; India; Infant; Laboratories; Male; Medicin och hälsovetenskap; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Multidrug resistance; Observational studies; Penicillin; Phenotypes; Plasmids - genetics; Public health; Rural areas; Rural communities; Rural Population; Surveillance; Waste Water - microbiology; Wastewater; Water Microbiology; β Lactamase; India; environment; commensal; community; antibiotic resistance; coliforms; India
• ISSN: 1660-4601; 1661-7827; 1660-4601
• DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14040386

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are an escalating grim menace to global public health. Our aim is to phenotype and genotype antibiotic-resistant commensal
from humans, animals, and water from the same community with a 'one-health' approach. The samples were collected from a village belonging to demographic surveillance site of Ruxmaniben Deepchand (R.D.) Gardi Medical College Ujjain, Central India. Commensal coliforms from stool samples from children aged 1-3 years and their environment (animals, drinking water from children's households, common source- and waste-water) were studied for antibiotic susceptibility and plasmid-encoded resistance genes.
isolates from human (
= 127), animal (
= 21), waste- (
= 12), source- (
= 10), and household drinking water (
= 122) carried 70%, 29%, 41%, 30%, and 30% multi-drug resistance, respectively. Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers were 57% in human and 23% in environmental isolates. Co-resistance was frequent in penicillin, cephalosporin, and quinolone. Antibiotic-resistance genes
and
were most frequent. Group D-type isolates with resistance genes were mainly from humans and wastewater. Colistin resistance, or the
gene, was not detected. The frequency of resistance, co-resistance, and resistant genes are high and similar in coliforms from humans and their environment. This emphasizes the need to mitigate antibiotic resistance with a 'one-health' approach.