Impact of Antibiotics on Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea

• Published in: Gastroenterology clinics of North America Vol. 46; no. 1; pp. 61 - 76
• Main Authors: Silverman, Michael A., MD, PhD, Konnikova, Liza, MD, PhD, Gerber, Jeffrey S., MD, PhD
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01-03-2017
• Subjects: Anti-Bacterial Agents - adverse effects; Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use; Antibiotic-associated diarrhea; Antibiotics; Clostridium difficile; Diarrhea - chemically induced; Diarrhea - drug therapy; Diarrhea - microbiology; Dysbiosis - chemically induced; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing - drug therapy; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing - microbiology; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing - prevention & control; Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Gastrointestinal Microbiome - drug effects; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Microbiome; Necrotizing enterocolitis; Probiotics; Probiotics - therapeutic use; Probiotics; Necrotizing enterocolitis; Antibiotics; Antibiotic-associated diarrhea; Clostridium difficile; Microbiome
• ISSN: 0889-8553; 1558-1942
• DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2016.09.010

Antibiotic treatment alters the composition and metabolic function of the intestinal microbiota. These alterations may contribute to the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). Recent studies are beginning to unravel the contribution of specific groups of microbes and their metabolic pathways to these diseases. Probiotics or other microbiota-targeted therapies may provide effect strategies to prevent and treat NEC and AAD.