Serum adipokine profile and fatty acid composition of adipose tissues are affected by conjugated linoleic acid and saturated fat diets in obese Zucker rats

• Published in: British journal of nutrition Vol. 103; no. 6; pp. 869 - 878
• Main Authors: Martins, Susana V., Lopes, Paula A., Alfaia, Cristina M., Rodrigues, Pedro O., Alves, Susana P., Pinto, Rui M. A., Castro, Matilde F., Bessa, Rui J. B., Prates, José A. M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press 28-03-2010
• Subjects: Adipokines; Adipokines - blood; adiponectin; Adipose tissue; Adipose Tissue - chemistry; animal fats and oils; animal models; Animals; atherogenic diet; Biological and medical sciences; blood serum; Body Composition; Cholesterol; Cholesterol - blood; Conjugated linoleic acid; Diet; diet-related diseases; dietary fat; Dietary Fats - administration & dosage; Dietary Fats, Unsaturated - administration & dosage; enzyme inhibitors; Epididymis; fatty acid composition; Fatty acids; Fatty Acids - analysis; Feeding. Feeding behavior; food intake; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; human diseases; human nutrition; inflammation; insulin resistance; interleukin-1; Intra-Abdominal Fat - chemistry; isomers; leptin; Linoleic Acids, Conjugated - administration & dosage; lipid content; Lipids; Lipids - analysis; liver; Liver - anatomy & histology; Liver - chemistry; low density lipoprotein; Male; Metabolism and Metabolic Studies; Metabolites; Nutrition; Obese Zucker rats; obesity; Obesity - blood; Obesity - metabolism; Organ Size; Palm Oil; palm oils; Plant Oils - administration & dosage; plasminogen activator; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 - blood; Principal components analysis; Rats; Rats, Zucker; Rodents; Saturated diets; saturated fatty acids; Sheep; sheep fat; tissue weight; tumor necrosis factor-alpha; Vegetables; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems; Conjugated linoleic acid; Saturated diets; Adipokines; Fatty acids; Obese Zucker rats; Obesity; Adipose tissue; Rat; Rodentia; Nutrition disorder; Lipids; Adipokine; Saturated fat; Feeding; Vertebrata; Mammalia; Diet; Saturated fatty acid; Animal; Serum; Nutritional status
• ISSN: 0007-1145; 1475-2662
• DOI: 10.1017/S000711450999256X

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been reported as having body fat lowering properties and the ability to modulate the inflammatory system in several models. In the present study, the effects of CLA added to saturated fat diets, from vegetable and animal origins, on the serum adipokine profile of obese Zucker rats were assessed. In addition, the fatty acid composition of epididymal and retroperitoneal adipose tissues was determined and a principal component analysis (PCA) was used to assess possible relationships between fatty acids and serum metabolites. Atherogenic diets (2 % cholesterol) were formulated with palm oil and ovine fat and supplemented or not with 1 % of a mixture (1:1) of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12-CLA isomers. CLA-fed animals exhibited lower daily feed intake, final body and liver weights, and hepatic lipids content. Total and LDL-cholesterol levels were increased in CLA-supplemented groups. CLA also promoted higher adiponectin and lower plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) serum concentrations. In contrast to palm oil diets, ovine fat increased insulin resistance and serum levels of leptin, TNF-α and IL-1β. Epididymal and retroperitoneal adipose tissues had similar deposition of individual fatty acids. The PCA analysis showed that the trans-10, cis-12-CLA isomer was highly associated with adiponectin and PAI-1 levels. Summing up, CLA added to vegetable saturated enriched diets, relative to those from animal origin, seems to improve the serum profile of adipokines and inflammatory markers in obese Zucker rats due to a more favourable fatty acid composition.