Fecal Bacterial Communities in treated HIV infected individuals on two antiretroviral regimens

• Published in: Scientific reports Vol. 7; no. 1; p. 43741
• Main Authors: Pinto-Cardoso, Sandra, Lozupone, Catherine, Briceño, Olivia, Alva-Hernández, Selma, Téllez, Norma, Adriana, Aguilar, Murakami-Ogasawara, Akio, Reyes-Terán, Gustavo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 06-03-2017; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: 38/23; 45/77; 631/1647/514/2254; 631/326/2565/2134; Antiretroviral agents; Antiretroviral drugs; Antiretroviral therapy; Fecal microflora; Feces; HIV; Human immunodeficiency virus; Humanities and Social Sciences; Intestine; multidisciplinary; Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; Protease inhibitors; Proteinase inhibitors; Ritonavir; RNA-directed DNA polymerase; rRNA 16S; Science; Mexico
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/srep43741

Intestinal microbiome changes that occur in HIV positive individuals on different antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens are important to understand, as they are potentially linked with chronic inflammation and microbiome-linked comorbidities that occur at increased incidence in this population. We conducted a cross-sectional study comparing the fecal microbiomes of HIV-uninfected (HIV SN) to HIV-infected individuals on long-term ART (HIV+ LTART) from Mexico using 16S ribosomal RNA (16sRNA) targeted sequencing. These individuals were on two ART regimens based on either Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (EFV) or ritonavir-boosted Protease Inhibitors (PI) with the same backbone of Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors. Microbiome diversity was reduced in treated HIV infection compared to HIV SN (p < 0.05). Several operational taxonomic units (OTUs) related to the Ruminococcaceae family including
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii
were depleted in EFV and PI compared to HIV SN and negatively correlated with intestinal gut dysfunction as measured by the intestinal fatty binding protein (p < 0.05). This is the first report to address the fecal bacterial communities in HIV-infected individuals on two ARV regimens from Mexico.