Potential Biomarkers of Acute Ischemic Stroke Etiology Revealed by Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomic Characterization of Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Blood Clots

• Published in: Frontiers in neurology Vol. 13; p. 854846
• Main Authors: Rossi, Rosanna, Mereuta, Oana Madalina, Barbachan E Silva, Mariel, Molina Gil, Sara, Douglas, Andrew, Pandit, Abhay, Gilvarry, Michael, McCarthy, Ray, O'Connell, Shane, Tierney, Ciara, Psychogios, Klearchos, Tsivgoulis, Georgios, Szikora, István, Tatlisumak, Turgut, Rentzos, Alexandros, Thornton, John, Ó Broin, Pilib, Doyle, Karen M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 19-04-2022
• Subjects: Basic Medicine; biomarkers stroke etiology; FFPE proteomics; mass spectrometry proteomics; Medicinska grundvetenskaper; Neurology; stroke biomarkers; thrombus proteome; thrombus proteome; biomarkers stroke etiology; mass spectrometry proteomics; stroke biomarkers; FFPE proteomics
• ISSN: 1664-2295; 1664-2295
• DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.854846

Besides the crucial role in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), mechanical thrombectomy represents a unique opportunity for researchers to study the retrieved clots, with the possibility of unveiling biological patterns linked to stroke pathophysiology and etiology. We aimed to develop a shotgun proteomic approach to study and compare the proteome of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) cardioembolic and large artery atherosclerotic (LAA) clots.
We used 16 cardioembolic and 15 LAA FFPE thrombi from 31 AIS patients. The thrombus proteome was analyzed by label-free quantitative liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). MaxQuant v1.5.2.8 and Perseus v.1.6.15.0 were used for bioinformatics analysis. Protein classes were identified using the PANTHER database and the STRING database was used to predict protein interactions.
We identified 1,581 protein groups as part of the AIS thrombus proteome. Fourteen significantly differentially abundant proteins across the two etiologies were identified. Four proteins involved in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, blood coagulation or plasminogen activating cascade were identified as significantly abundant in LAA clots. Ten proteins involved in the ubiquitin proteasome-pathway, cytoskeletal remodeling of platelets, platelet adhesion or blood coagulation were identified as significantly abundant in cardioembolic clots.
Our results outlined a set of 14 proteins for a proof-of-principle characterization of cardioembolic and LAA FFPE clots, advancing the proteome profile of AIS human thrombi and understanding the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke.