What is creating the height premium? New evidence from a Mendelian randomization analysis in China

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 15; no. 4; p. e0230555
• Main Authors: Wang, Jun, Chen, Qihui, Chen, Gang, Li, Yingxiang, Kong, Guoshu, Zhu, Chen
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 10-04-2020; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Biology and Life Sciences; Cognition & reasoning; Cognitive ability; Developing countries; Earnings; Empirical analysis; Employment; Genetic diversity; Genomes; Genotyping; Health risks; Labor market; LDCs; Mental health; People and Places; Profits; Randomization; Regression analysis; Researchers; Social Sciences; Studies; Beijing China; China
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230555

This study uses a Mendelian randomization approach to resolve the difficulties of identifying the causal relationship between height and earnings by using a unique sample of 3,427 respondents from mainland China with sociodemographic information linked to individual genotyping data. Exploiting genetic variations to create instrumental variables for observed height, we find that while OLS regressions yield that an additional centimeter in height is associated with a 10-13% increase in one's annual earnings, IV estimates reveal only an insubstantial causal effect of height. Further analyses suggest that the observed height premium is likely to pick up the impacts of several cognitive/noncognitive skills on earnings confounded in previous studies, such as mental health, risk preference, and personality factors. Our study is the first empirical study that employs genetic IVs in developing countries, and our results contribute to the recent debate on the mechanism of height premium.