Comparison of geometries and electronic structures of polyacetylene, polyborole, polycyclopentadiene, polypyrrole, polyfuran, polysilole, polyphosphole, polythiophene, polyselenophene and polytellurophene

• Published in: Synthetic metals Vol. 96; no. 3; pp. 177 - 189
• Main Authors: Salzner, U., Lagowski, J.B., Pickup, P.G., Poirier, R.A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Lausanne Elsevier B.V 15-08-1998; Amsterdam Elsevier Science; New York, NY
• Subjects: Applied sciences; Electronic structures; Exact sciences and technology; Geometries; Organic polymers; Physicochemistry of polymers; Polyborole; Polycyclopentadiene; Polyfuran; Polyphosphole; Polyselenophene; Polysilole; Polytellurophene; Properties and characterization; Structure, morphology and analysis; Polyfuran; Polyborole; Electronic structures; Polysilole; Geometries; Polyphosphole; Polycyclopentadiene; Polyselenophene; Polytellurophene; Band structure; Tellurium Organic compounds; Theoretical study; Boron polymer; Oligomer; Heterocyclic polymer; Phosphorus polymer; Conducting polymers; Geometrical structure; Acetylene polymer; Cyclodiene polymer; Electronic structure; Selenium containing polymer; Density functional method; Furan derivative polymer; Thiophene polymer; Comparative study; Silicon polymer; Pyrrole polymer
• ISSN: 0379-6779; 1879-3290
• DOI: 10.1016/S0379-6779(98)00084-8

Geometries of monomers through hexamers of cylopentadiene, pyrrole, furan, silole, phosphole, thiophene, selenophene and tellurophene, and monomers through nonamers of borole were optimized employing density functional theory with a slightly modified B3P86 hybrid functional. Bandgaps and bandwidths were obtained by extrapolating the appropriate energy levels of trimers through hexamers (hexamers through nonamers for borole) to infinity. Bandgaps increase with increasing π-donor strengths of the heteroatom. In general, second period heteroatoms lead to larger bandgaps than their higher period analogs. Polyborole is predicted to have a very small or no energy gap between the occupied and the unoccupied π-levels. Due to its electron deficient nature polyborole differs significantly from the other polymers. It has a quinoid structure and a large electron affinity. The bandgaps of heterocycles with weak donors (CH
2, SiH
2 and PH) are close to that of polyacetylene. For polyphosphole this is due to the pyramidal geometry at the phosphorous which prevents interaction of the phosphorus lone pair with the π-system. The bandgap of polypyrrole is the largest of all polymers studied. This can be attributed to the large π-donor strength of nitrogen. Polythiophene has the third largest bandgap. The valence bandwidths differ considerably for the various polymers since the avoided crossing between the flat HOMO — 1 band and the wide HOMO band occurs at different positions. The widths of the wide HOMO bands are similar for all systems studied. All of the polymers studied have strongly delecalized π-systems.