microRNA172 Down-Regulates glossy15 to Promote Vegetative Phase Change in Maize

Shoot development in many higher plant species is characterized by phase change, where meristems and organs transition from one set of identities to another. The transition from a juvenile to adult leaf identity in maize is regulated by the APETALA2-like gene glossy15 (gl15). We demonstrate here tha...

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Published in:	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Vol. 102; no. 26; pp. 9412 - 9417
Main Authors:	Lauter, Nick, Kampani, Archana, Carlson, Shawn, Goebel, Mark, Moose, Stephen P., Freeling, Michael
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States National Academy of Sciences 28-06-2005 National Acad Sciences
Subjects:	Base Sequence Biological Sciences Corn DNA - metabolism Down-Regulation Exons Genes Genes, Plant Genetic Techniques Genotype Genotypes Homozygote Inbreeding Leaves Messenger RNA MicroRNAs - metabolism Molecular Sequence Data Phenotype Phenotypes Phenotypic traits Plant Proteins - genetics Plant Proteins - physiology Plants Plants, Genetically Modified Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction RNA RNA, Messenger - metabolism Time Factors Zea mays Zea mays - genetics
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Summary:	Shoot development in many higher plant species is characterized by phase change, where meristems and organs transition from one set of identities to another. The transition from a juvenile to adult leaf identity in maize is regulated by the APETALA2-like gene glossy15 (gl15). We demonstrate here that increasing gl15 activity in transgenic maize not only increases the number of leaves expressing juvenile traits, but also delays the onset of reproductive development, indicating that gl15 plays a primary role in the maintenance of the juvenile phase. We also show that the accumulation of a maize microRNA homologous to miR172 increases during shoot development and mediates gl15 mRNA degradation. These data indicate that vegetative phase change in maize is regulated by the opposing actions of gl15 and miR172, with gl15 maintaining the juvenile phase and miR172 promoting the transition to the adult phase by down-regulation of gl15. Our results also suggest that the balance of activities between APETALA2-like genes and miR172 may be a general mechanism for regulating vegetative phase change in higher plants.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 Communicated by Michael Freeling, University of California, Berkeley, CA, May 11, 2005 Author contributions: N.L. and S.P.M. designed research; N.L., A.K., M.R.G., and S.P.M. performed research; S.R.C. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; N.L. and S.P.M. analyzed data; and N.L. and S.P.M. wrote the paper. Abbreviation: DAS, days after sowing. To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: smoose@uiuc.edu. Data deposition: The gl15 genomic sequence reported in this paper has been deposited in the GenBank database (accession no. AY714877). Present address: Molecular and Environmental Plant Sciences Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843. Present address: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, M5-A864, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109.
ISSN:	0027-8424 1091-6490
DOI:	10.1073/pnas.0503927102