Evidence-Based Tracking of MDR E. coli from Bovine Endometritis and Its Elimination by Effective Novel Therapeutics

• Published in: Antibiotics (Basel) Vol. 10; no. 8; p. 997
• Main Authors: Shafique, Laiba, Wu, Siwen, Aqib, Amjad Islam, Ali, Muhammad Muddassir, Ijaz, Misbah, Naseer, Muhammad Aamir, Sarwar, Zaeem, Ahmed, Rais, Saleem, Arslan, Qudratullah, Ahmad, Abdullah Saghir, Pan, Hongping, Liu, Qingyou
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 18-08-2021; MDPI
• Subjects: Amoxicillin; Antibiotic resistance; Antibiotics; Antimicrobial agents; Antimicrobial resistance; Bacteria; Bacterial infections; Cattle; Clinical trials; Dairy cattle; Dairy farms; Drug development; Drug resistance; E coli; Endometritis; Enrofloxacin; Epidemiology; Escherichia coli; Etiology; Farms; field trial; Gentamicin; Hypotheses; Infections; Infertility; Medical prognosis; Metronidazole; Minimum inhibitory concentration; Multidrug resistance; Nucleotide sequence; Nucleotides; Oxytetracycline; Phylogenetics; Phylogeny; Similarity; Streptomycin; synergy testing; Ultrasonic imaging; uterine infection; Uterus; Pakistan; cattle; uterine infection; bacteria; antibiotic resistance; synergy testing; field trial
• ISSN: 2079-6382; 2079-6382
• DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10080997

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria have become the predominant etiology of endometritis and thus require effective treatment approaches. We used ultrasonography coupled with clinical signs and presented complaints of reproductive issues to investigate the epidemiology, phylogenetic analysis, antimicrobial resistance, and development of novel therapeutics against
isolated from endometritis in bovine (
= 304 from 10 commercial dairy farms). The prevalence of bovine endometritis in this study was 43.75%, while among these, 72.18% samples were positive for
. Nucleotide analysis performed through BLAST and MEGAX showed 98% similarity to the nucleotide sequence of the reference
strain (accession number CP067311.1). The disk diffusion assay revealed pathogen resistance to most antibiotics. Pattern of MIC order of resistance was as follows: enrofloxacin < gentamicin < co-amoxiclav < streptomycin < amoxicillin < metronidazole < oxytetracycline. Field trials revealed the highest recovery rate (in terms of clearance of endometritis and establishment of pregnancy) in case of gentamicin + enrofloxacin (100%) and gentamicin alone (100%), followed by co-amoxiclav + gentamicin (84.61%), oxytetracycline alone (78.57%), and metronidazole + enrofloxacin (33.33%). Hence, the current study reported a higher prevalence of multidrug-resistant
showing considerable similarity with reference strain, and finally, the effective response of novel antibiotics to treat cases.