Infections during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis and prevention

• Published in: International journal of antimicrobial agents Vol. 50; no. 1; pp. 9 - 16
• Main Authors: Biffi, Stefano, Di Bella, Stefano, Scaravilli, Vittorio, Peri, Anna Maria, Grasselli, Giacomo, Alagna, Laura, Pesenti, Antonio, Gori, Andrea
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01-07-2017
• Subjects: Bacterial Infections - epidemiology; Bacterial Infections - physiopathology; Epidemiology; Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation - adverse effects; Hospital-acquired infection; Humans; Infection Control - methods; Infectious Disease; Intensive care unit; Mycoses - epidemiology; Mycoses - physiopathology; Pathogenesis; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; sequential organ failure assessment; VAP; Pathogenesis; AV-ECMO; artero-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; bloodstream infection; UTI; cardiopulmonary by-pass; Epidemiology; Intensive care unit; Risk factors; CBP; multi-drug resistant; CR-BSI; CA-BSI; pharmacokinetics; BSI; MDR; coagulase negative Staphylococci; VV-ECMO; ECMO; ELSO; catheter-associated bloodstream infection; Extracorporeal Life Support Organization; ventilator-associated pneumonia; SOFA; CoNS; NHSN; Hospital-acquired infection; National Healthcare Safety Network; veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; ICU; PK; catheter-related blood stream infection; urinary tract infection; VA-ECMO
• ISSN: 0924-8579; 1872-7913
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.02.025

Highlights • ECMO patients have a higher infectious risk than other critically ill patients. • Infections during the ECMO run significantly affect mortality rates. • Colonisation of ECMO cannulae and oxygenator could have a role in causing bloodstream infections. • Enterobacteriaceae are the most frequent agents of ventilator-associated pneumonia in this setting. • There are no data supporting an antibiotic prophylaxis strategy during ECMO.