The roles of Eph receptors, neuropilin-1, P2X7, and CD147 in COVID-19-associated neurodegenerative diseases: inflammasome and JaK inhibitors as potential promising therapies

• Published in: Cellular & molecular biology letters Vol. 27; no. 1; p. 10
• Main Authors: Zalpoor, Hamidreza, Akbari, Abdullatif, Samei, Azam, Forghaniesfidvajani, Razieh, Kamali, Monireh, Afzalnia, Azadeh, Manshouri, Shirin, Heidari, Fatemeh, Pornour, Majid, Khoshmirsafa, Majid, Aazami, Hossein, Seif, Farhad
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central 02-02-2022; BMC
• Subjects: ACE2; Angiotensin; Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 - genetics; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 - metabolism; Antiviral agents; Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use; Basigin - genetics; Basigin - metabolism; CD147; CD147 antigen; Central nervous system; Central Nervous System - drug effects; Central Nervous System - metabolism; Central Nervous System - virology; CNS; Coronaviruses; COVID-19; COVID-19 - drug therapy; COVID-19 - genetics; COVID-19 - metabolism; COVID-19 - virology; Eph protein; Ephrin; Ephrins - genetics; Ephrins - metabolism; Gene Expression Regulation; Host-Pathogen Interactions - drug effects; Host-Pathogen Interactions - genetics; Humans; Immunologic Factors - therapeutic use; Inflammasomes; Inflammasomes - drug effects; Inflammasomes - genetics; Inflammasomes - metabolism; Inflammation; Janus Kinase Inhibitors - therapeutic use; Janus Kinases - antagonists & inhibitors; Janus Kinases - genetics; Janus Kinases - metabolism; Kinases; Neurodegenerative diseases; Neurodegenerative Diseases - drug therapy; Neurodegenerative Diseases - genetics; Neurodegenerative Diseases - metabolism; Neurodegenerative Diseases - virology; Neuropilin; Neuropilin-1; Neuropilin-1 - genetics; Neuropilin-1 - metabolism; P2X7; Peptidyl-dipeptidase A; Receptors, Purinergic P2X7 - genetics; Receptors, Purinergic P2X7 - metabolism; Receptors, Virus - antagonists & inhibitors; Receptors, Virus - genetics; Receptors, Virus - metabolism; Review Letter; SARS-CoV-2 - drug effects; SARS-CoV-2 - genetics; SARS-CoV-2 - metabolism; SARS-CoV-2 - pathogenicity; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; Signal Transduction; Vaccines; Viral infections; Virus Internalization - drug effects; Viruses; COVID-19; Neuropilin-1; Ephrin; Alzheimer’s disease; Neurodegenerative diseases; P2X7; Jak; Cytokine; CNS; Inflammasome; CD147; Parkinson’s disease
• ISSN: 1425-8153; 1689-1392
• DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00311-1

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spread worldwide, and finding a safe therapeutic strategy and effective vaccine is critical to overcoming severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Therefore, elucidation of pathogenesis mechanisms, especially entry routes of SARS-CoV-2 may help propose antiviral drugs and novel vaccines. Several receptors have been demonstrated for the interaction of spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 with host cells, including angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2), ephrin ligands and Eph receptors, neuropilin 1 (NRP-1), P2X7, and CD147. The expression of these entry receptors in the central nervous system (CNS) may make the CNS prone to SARS-CoV-2 invasion, leading to neurodegenerative diseases. The present review provides potential pathological mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the CNS, including entry receptors and cytokines involved in neuroinflammatory conditions. Moreover, it explains several neurodegenerative disorders associated with COVID-19. Finally, we suggest inflammasome and JaK inhibitors as potential therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases.