Vitamin D supplementation to prevent depression and poor physical function in older adults: Study protocol of the D-Vitaal study, a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial

• Published in: BMC geriatrics Vol. 15; no. 149; p. 151
• Main Authors: de Koning, Elisa J, van Schoor, Natasja M, Penninx, Brenda W J H, Elders, Petra J M, Heijboer, Annemieke C, Smit, Jan H, Bet, Pierre M, van Tulder, Maurits W, den Heijer, Martin, van Marwijk, Harm W J, Lips, Paul
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 19-11-2015; BioMed Central
• Subjects: Activities of Daily Living - psychology; Aged; Alfacalcidol; Antidepressants; Calcifediol; Care and treatment; Clinical trials; Cognition - drug effects; Depression - blood; Depression - diagnosis; Depression - physiopathology; Depression - therapy; Depression, Mental; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Female; Geriatrics; Health aspects; Humans; Male; Mental depression; Middle Aged; Motor Activity - drug effects; Netherlands; Older people; Outcome Assessment (Health Care); Prevention; Quality of Life; Study Protocol; Vitamin D; Vitamin D - administration & dosage; Vitamin D - analogs & derivatives; Vitamin D - blood; Vitamin deficiency; Vitamins - administration & dosage; Netherlands
• ISSN: 1471-2318; 1471-2318
• DOI: 10.1186/s12877-015-0148-3

Depressive symptoms and decreased physical functioning are interrelated conditions and common in older persons, causing significant individual and societal burden. Evidence suggests that vitamin D supplementation may be beneficial for both mental and physical functioning. However, previous randomized controlled trials have yielded inconsistent results and often had suboptimal designs. This study examines the effect of vitamin D supplementation on both depressive symptoms and physical functioning in a high-risk population of older persons with low vitamin D status.
The D-Vitaal study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigating the effects of a daily dose of 1200 IU vitamin D3 versus placebo for one year on depressive symptoms and physical functioning (primary outcomes) in older adults. Participants (N = 155, age 60-80 years) were recruited from the general population. Eligibility criteria included the presence of depressive symptoms, ≥1 functional limitation and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels between 15 and 50/70 nmol/L (depending on season). Secondary outcomes include incidence of major depressive disorder, anxiety symptoms, health-related quality of life, cognitive function and cost-effectiveness of the intervention.
With this study, we aim to elucidate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on depressive symptoms and physical functioning in older persons who are at high risk of developing more substantial mental and physical problems. If effective, vitamin D supplementation can be a preventive intervention strategy that is easy to implement in the primary care setting.
Netherlands Trial Register NTR3845. Registered 6 February 2013.