In Vivo Biological Behavior of Polymer Scaffolds of Natural Origin in the Bone Repair Process

• Published in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 26; no. 6; p. 1598
• Main Authors: Cunha, Fernando Bento, Pomini, Karina Torres, Plepis, Ana Maria de Guzzi, Martins, Virgínia da Conceição Amaro, Machado, Eduardo Gomes, de Moraes, Renato, Munhoz, Marcelo de Azevedo E Souza, Machado, Michela Vanessa Ribeiro, Duarte, Marco Antonio Hungaro, Alcalde, Murilo Priori, Buchaim, Daniela Vieira, Buchaim, Rogério Leone, Fernandes, Victor Augusto Ramos, Pereira, Eliana de Souza Bastos Mazuqueli, Pelegrine, André Antonio, Cunha, Marcelo Rodrigues da
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 13-03-2021; MDPI
• Subjects: Animals; Autografts; Biocompatibility; Biocompatible Materials - chemistry; Biomaterials; Biomedical materials; Biopolymers - chemistry; Birefringence; Blood coagulation; Bone grafts; Bone growth; Bone healing; Bone loss; Bone matrix; Bone Matrix - chemistry; Bone Matrix - physiology; bone regeneration; Bone Regeneration - physiology; Bone Remodeling - physiology; Bone Substitutes - chemistry; Bones; Calcification, Physiologic - physiology; Calvaria; Cattle; Cell adhesion & migration; Collagen; Collagen - chemistry; Collagen - metabolism; Connective tissue; Defects; Elastin; Elastin - chemistry; Elastin - metabolism; Extracellular matrix; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Inflammation; Intestine; Male; Materials Testing; Microscopy; Mineralization; Morbidity; Polymers; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Regenerative medicine; Scaffolds; Skull - diagnostic imaging; Skull - injuries; Skull - physiology; Statistical analysis; Substitute bone; Swine; Tissue analysis; Tissue engineering; Tissue Engineering - methods; Tissue Scaffolds - chemistry; X-Ray Microtomography; collagen; bone regeneration; tissue engineering; biomaterials; elastin; regenerative medicine
• ISSN: 1420-3049; 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061598

Autologous bone grafts, used mainly in extensive bone loss, are considered the gold standard treatment in regenerative medicine, but still have limitations mainly in relation to the amount of bone available, donor area, morbidity and creation of additional surgical area. This fact encourages tissue engineering in relation to the need to develop new biomaterials, from sources other than the individual himself. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of an elastin and collagen matrix on the bone repair process in critical size defects in rat calvaria. The animals (Wistar rats,
30) were submitted to a surgical procedure to create the bone defect and were divided into three groups: Control Group (CG,
10), defects filled with blood clot; E24/37 Group (E24/37,
10), defects filled with bovine elastin matrix hydrolyzed for 24 h at 37 °C and C24/25 Group (C24/25,
10), defects filled with porcine collagen matrix hydrolyzed for 24 h at 25 °C. Macroscopic and radiographic analyses demonstrated the absence of inflammatory signs and infection. Microtomographical 2D and 3D images showed centripetal bone growth and restricted margins of the bone defect. Histologically, the images confirmed the pattern of bone deposition at the margins of the remaining bone and without complete closure by bone tissue. In the morphometric analysis, the groups E24/37 and C24/25 (13.68 ± 1.44; 53.20 ± 4.47, respectively) showed statistically significant differences in relation to the CG (5.86 ± 2.87). It was concluded that the matrices used as scaffolds are biocompatible and increase the formation of new bone in a critical size defect, with greater formation in the polymer derived from the intestinal serous layer of porcine origin (C24/25).