Genoprotective Properties and Metabolites of β-Glucan-Rich Edible Mushrooms Following Their In Vitro Fermentation by Human Faecal Microbiota

• Published in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 25; no. 15; p. 3554
• Main Authors: Boulaka, Athina, Christodoulou, Paraschos, Vlassopoulou, Marigoula, Koutrotsios, Georgios, Bekiaris, Georgios, Zervakis, Georgios I, Mitsou, Evdokia K, Saxami, Georgia, Kyriacou, Adamantini, Zervou, Maria, Georgiadis, Panagiotis, Pletsa, Vasiliki
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 04-08-2020; MDPI
• Subjects: Adenocarcinoma; Agaricales - chemistry; Barley; Basidiocarps; Basidiomycota; beta-Glucans - metabolism; Bioactive compounds; Biological Products - chemistry; Biological Products - pharmacology; Butyl hydroperoxide; By products; Caco-2 Cells; Cancer; Cell growth; Cell walls; Colon; Cyclocybe cylindracea; Cytotoxicity; edible mushrooms; Efficiency; faecal microbiota; Feces - microbiology; Fermentation; Food; Functional foods & nutraceuticals; Fungi - metabolism; genoprotection; Genotoxic chemicals; Genotoxicity; Glucan; Glucans; Glucose; Health promotion; Humans; Immune system; in vitro fermentation; Intestinal microflora; Investigations; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Metabolism; Metabolites; Metabolome; Metabolomics - methods; Microbiota; Multivariate analysis; Mushrooms; NMR; NMR spectroscopy; NMR-based metabolomics; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Organisms; Pathogens; Pleurotus eryngii; Pleurotus ostreatus; Polysaccharides; Prebiotics; Productivity; Protective Agents - chemistry; Protective Agents - pharmacology; Saccharides; β-Glucan; β-glucans; NMR-based metabolomics; in vitro fermentation; β-glucans; edible mushrooms; faecal microbiota; genoprotection
• ISSN: 1420-3049; 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153554

A variety of bioactive compounds, constituents of edible mushrooms, in particular β-glucans, i.e., a group of β-d-glucose polysaccharides abundant in the fungal cell walls, have been linked to immunomodulating, anticancer and prebiotic activities. The aim of the study was the investigation of the genoprotective effects of edible mushrooms produced by
,
and
(Basidiomycota). Mushrooms from selected strains of the species mentioned above were fermented in vitro using faecal inocula from healthy volunteers. The cytotoxic and anti-genotoxic properties of the fermentation supernatants (FSs) were investigated in Caco-2 human colon adenocarcinoma cells. The FSs were cytotoxic in a dose-dependent manner. Non-cytotoxic concentrations were used for the genotoxicity studies, which revealed that mushrooms' FSs have the ability to protect Caco-2 cells against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (
-BOOH), a known genotoxic agent. Their global metabolic profiling was assessed by
H-NMR spectroscopy. A total of 37 metabolites were identified with the use of two-dimensional (2D) homo- and hetero-nuclear NMR experiments. Multivariate data analysis monitored the metabolic variability of gut microbiota and probed to biomarkers potentially associated with the health-promoting effects of edible mushrooms.