Monohexosylceramides from Rhizopus Species Isolated from Brazilian Caatinga: Chemical Characterization and Evaluation of Their Anti-Biofilm and Antibacterial Activities

• Published in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 23; no. 6; p. 1331
• Main Authors: Vieira, Edson Rodrigues, Xisto, Mariana Ingrid Dutra da Silva, Pele, Milagre Américo, Alviano, Daniela Sales, Alviano, Celuta Sales, Barreto-Bergter, Eliana, de Campos-Takaki, Galba Maria
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01-06-2018; MDPI
• Subjects: antibacterial activities; Antimicrobial activity; biofilm; Biofilms; Ceramide; Drug resistance; Galactose; Glycosphingolipids; Gram-negative bacteria; Methicillin; Microspores; monohexosylceramides; Organic chemistry; Positive ions; Purification; Rhizopus; Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus infections; monohexosylceramides; antibacterial activities; Rhizopus; biofilm
• ISSN: 1420-3049; 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061331

Monohexosylceramides (CMHs) are highly conserved fungal glycosphingolipids playing a role in several cellular processes such as growth, differentiation and morphological transition. In this study, we report the isolation, purification and chemical characterization of CMHs from
and
. Using positive ion mode ESI-MS, two major ion species were observed at
/
750 and
/
766, respectively. Both ion species consisted of a glucose/galactose residue attached to a ceramide moiety containing 9-methyl-4,8-sphingadienine with an amidic linkage to a hydroxylated C16:0 fatty acid. The antimicrobial activity of CMH was evaluated against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria using the agar diffusion assay. CMH from both
species inhibited the growth of
,
(
) and
(
) with a MIC
of 6.25, 6.25 and 3.13 mg/mL, respectively. The bactericidal effect was detected only for
and
, with MBC values of 25 and 6.25 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the action of CMH on the biofilm produced by methicillin-resistant
(MRSA) was analyzed using 12.5 and 25 mg/mL of CMH from
. Total biofilm biomass, biofilm matrix and viability of the cells that form the biofilm structure were evaluated. CMH from
was able to inhibit the MRSA biofilm formation in all parameters tested.