Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Carotenoids from Carrot Pomace and Their Optimization through Response Surface Methodology

• Published in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 26; no. 22; p. 6763
• Main Authors: Umair, Muhammad, Jabbar, Saqib, Nasiru, Mustapha M, Lu, Zhaoxin, Zhang, Jianhao, Abid, Muhammad, Murtaza, Mian Anjum, Kieliszek, Marek, Zhao, Liqing
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 09-11-2021; MDPI
• Subjects: Carotene; Carotenoids; Carotenoids - chemistry; Carotenoids - isolation & purification; carrot pomace; Carrots; Cost control; Daucus carota - chemistry; Dietary minerals; Efficiency; Ethanol; Food; Free radicals; Fruits; Independent variables; Lutein; Lycopene; Optimization; Response surface methodology; Solvents; Sonication; total carotenoids; Ultrasonic imaging; Ultrasonic testing; Ultrasound; ultrasound assisted extraction; β-Carotene; United States > US; China; β-carotene; response surface methodology; carrot pomace; ultrasound assisted extraction; total carotenoids
• ISSN: 1420-3049; 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226763

Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was used to extract carotenoids from the carrot pomace. To investigate the effect of independent variables on the UAE, the response surface methodology (RSM) with central-composite design (CCD) was employed. The study was conducted with three independent variables including extraction time (min), temperature (°C), and ethanol concentration (%). The results showed that the optimal conditions for UAE were achieved with an extraction time of 17 min, temperature of 32 °C, and ethanol concentration of 51% of total carotenoids (31.82 ± 0.55); extraction time of 16 min, temperature of 29 °C, and ethanol concentration of 59% for a combination of β-carotene (14.89 ± 0.40), lutein (5.77 ± 0.19), and lycopene (2.65 ± 0.12). The non-significant (
> 0.05) correlation under optimal extraction conditions between predicted and experimental values suggested that UAE is the more productive process than conventional techniques for the extraction of carotenoids from the carrot pomace.