Simultaneous Optimization of the Ultrasonic Extraction Method and Determination of the Antioxidant Activities of Hydroxysafflor Yellow A and Anhydrosafflor Yellow B from Safflower Using a Response Surface Methodology

• Published in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 25; no. 5; p. 1226
• Main Authors: Zhang, Yangyang, Yu, Li, Jin, Weifeng, Li, Chang, Wang, Yu, Wan, Haitong, Yang, Jiehong
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 09-03-2020; MDPI
• Subjects: anhydrosafflor yellow b; antioxidant activity; Antioxidants; Antioxidants - chemistry; Antioxidants - isolation & purification; Biphenyl Compounds - chemistry; Cardiovascular disease; Carthamus tinctorius; Carthamus tinctorius - chemistry; Cerebrovascular diseases; Chalcone - analogs & derivatives; Chalcone - chemistry; Chalcone - isolation & purification; Chemical Fractionation; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Design parameters; Experiments; Free Radical Scavengers - chemistry; High performance liquid chromatography; hydroxysafflor yellow a; Ischemia; Liquid chromatography; Medical research; Methods; Optimization; Phenols - chemistry; Picrates - chemistry; Pigments, Biological - chemistry; Pigments, Biological - isolation & purification; Plant Extracts - chemistry; Quinones - chemistry; Quinones - isolation & purification; Response surface methodology; safflower; Scavenging; Solvents; Temperature; Thrombosis; Ultrasonic testing; Ultrasonics; Variables; Vascular diseases; Yield; response surface methodology; safflower; optimization; antioxidant activity; hydroxysafflor yellow A; anhydrosafflor yellow B
• ISSN: 1420-3049; 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051226

An evaluation of the ultrasonic extraction process and the antioxidant activities of hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) and anhydrosafflor yellow B (AHSYB) from safflower are presented herein. Using response surface methodology (RSM), based on a four-factor-three-level Box-Behnken design (BBD), the extraction parameters, namely, temperature, extraction time, solvent-to-material ratio, and extraction power, were optimized for maximizing the yields of HSYA and AHSYB. The maximum yield was obtained at a temperature of 66 °C with an extraction time of 36 min, solvent-to-material ratio of 16 mL/g, and the extraction power of 150 W, which was adjusted according to the actual conditions. The HSYA and AHSYB contents were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The yield and the comprehensive evaluation value of HSYA and AHSYB were calculated. The antioxidant activities of the extracts were determined using a ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) kit and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. The results suggested that the safflower extracts possessed obvious ferric reducing and DPPH radical scavenging activities. The antioxidant activity increased with increasing concentration. The results suggested that optimizing the conditions of ultrasonic extraction using RSM can significantly increase the yields of HSYA and AHSYB from safflower. The safflower extracts showed better antioxidant activity. This study can encourage future research on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.