Cordyceps militaris Fungus Extracts-Mediated Nanoemulsion for Improvement Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities

• Published in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 25; no. 23; p. 5733
• Main Authors: Rupa, Esrat Jahan, Li, Jin Feng, Arif, Muhammad Huzaifa, Yaxi, Han, Puja, Aditi Mitra, Chan, Ahn Jong, Hoang, Van-An, Kaliraj, Lalitha, Yang, Deok Chun, Kang, Se Chan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 04-12-2020; MDPI
• Subjects: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents - chemistry; Anti-Infective Agents - pharmacology; Anti-inflammatory agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - chemistry; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - pharmacology; antibacterial; Antiinfectives and antibacterials; Antimicrobial agents; antioxidant; Antioxidants; Antioxidants - chemistry; Antioxidants - pharmacology; Biocompatibility; Cell Line; Cell lines; Chitosan; Cordyceps - chemistry; Cordyceps extracts; Cordyceps militaris; Cordyceps nanoemulsion; Cosmetics; Cytotoxicity; Emission analysis; Emulsifying agents; Emulsions - chemistry; Escherichia coli - drug effects; Fatty acids; Fungi; Gene expression; Gene Expression - drug effects; HaCaT Cells; Herbal medicine; Humans; Inflammation; Infrared spectroscopy; Light scattering; Lipopolysaccharides; Mice; Nanoemulsions; Nanoparticles - chemistry; Nitric Oxide - chemistry; Oils, Volatile - chemistry; Particle Size; Photon correlation spectroscopy; Polysorbates - chemistry; RAW 264.7 Cells; Skin; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared - methods; Stability analysis; Staphylococcus aureus - drug effects; Storage conditions; Surfactants; ultra sonication; Viscosity; Zeta potential; Cordyceps nanoemulsion; antioxidant; Cordyceps extracts; antibacterial; inflammation; ultra sonication
• ISSN: 1420-3049; 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235733

This study aimed to produce and optimize a
-based oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsion (NE) encapsulated in sea buckthorn oil (SBT) using an ultrasonication process. Herein, a nonionic surfactant (Tween 80) and chitosan cosurfactant were used as emulsifying agents. The
nanoemulsion (COR-NE) was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and field-emission transmission electron microscope (FE-TEM). The DLS analyses revealed that the NE droplets were 87.0 ± 2.1 nm in diameter, with a PDI value of 0.089 ± 0.023, and zeta potential of -26.20 ± 2. The small size, low PDI, and stable zeta potential highlighted the excellent stability of the NE. The NE was tested for stability under different temperature (4 °C, 25 °C, and 60 °C) and storage conditions for 3 months where 4 °C did not affect the stability. Finally,
cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activity were assessed. The results suggested that the NE was not toxic to RAW 264.7 or HaCaT (human keratinocyte) cell lines at up to 100 µL/mL. Anti-inflammatory activity in liposaccharides (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells was evident at 50 µg/mL and showed inhibition of NO production and downregulation of pro-inflammatory gene expression. Further, the NE exhibited good antioxidant (2.96 ± 0.10 mg/mL) activity and inhibited
and
bacterial growth. Overall, the COR-NE had greater efficacy than the free extract and added significant value for future biomedical and cosmetics applications.