Optimizing the APC residue washing process to minimize the release of chloride and heavy metals

• Published in: Waste management (Elmsford) Vol. 25; no. 7; pp. 686 - 693
• Main Authors: Chimenos, J.M., Fernández, A.I., Cervantes, A., Miralles, L., Fernández, M.A., Espiell, F.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Elsevier Ltd 2005; New York, NY Elsevier Science
• Subjects: Air Pollutants - analysis; Applied sciences; Chlorides - analysis; Environmental Pollution - prevention & control; Exact sciences and technology; Filtration; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Incineration - instrumentation; Magnesium Sulfate - chemistry; Metals, Heavy - analysis; Other industrial wastes. Sewage sludge; Particle Size; Pollution; Refuse Disposal - methods; Spain; Wastes; Spain
• ISSN: 0956-053X; 1879-2456
• DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2004.12.014

An optimization of the air pollution control (APC) residue washing process was carried out to minimize the release of chloride and heavy metals. Taking into account economic parameters such as the consumption of water and reaction time, the best relation found was a S/L ratio of 1/3 during 1
h. At a laboratory scale and according to the values obtained for chloride and heavy metals, the APC residue is classified as non-special according to Catalonian Regulations (Spain). Moreover, the pH of the solution, when MgSO
4 is added during the washing process, may be controlled by the formation of gypsum. In these conditions, the concentration of heavy metals will decrease as a consequence of the formation of their respective insoluble hydroxides. Therefore, the counter-current batch washing process with the addition of small amounts of MgSO
4 is revealed as an economically feasible treatment of the APC residue. This washed residue is ready to be used as secondary material or to be landfilled safely.