Early Detection and Prognosis of Ovarian Cancer Using Serum YKL-40

• Published in: Journal of clinical oncology Vol. 22; no. 16; pp. 3330 - 3339
• Main Authors: DUPONT, Jakob, TANWAR, Meena K, SPRIGGS, David R, THALER, Howard T, FLEISHER, Martin, KAUFF, Noah, HENSLEY, Martee L, SABBATINI, Paul, ANDERSON, Sibyl, AGHAJANIAN, Carol, HOLLAND, Eric C
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Baltimore, MD American Society of Clinical Oncology 15-08-2004; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
• Subjects: Adipokines; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Autoantigens - analysis; Biological and medical sciences; Biomarkers, Tumor - analysis; Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Female genital diseases; Glycoproteins - analysis; Gynecology. Andrology. Obstetrics; Humans; Lectins; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasm Staging - methods; Ovarian Neoplasms - diagnosis; Ovarian Neoplasms - pathology; Prognosis; Sensitivity and Specificity; Survival Analysis; Tumors; Ovarian diseases; Cancerology; Prognosis; Ovary cancer; Serum; Malignant tumor; Female genital diseases
• ISSN: 0732-183X; 1527-7755
• DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2004.09.112

YKL-40 is a secreted glycoprotein (chitinase family). We compared YKL-40 with two ovarian cancer serum markers, CA125 and CA15-3, for the detection of early-stage ovarian cancer.
Serum YKL-40 levels were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for 46 healthy subjects, 61 high-risk individuals, 33 patients with benign gynecologic processes, and 50 preoperative patients subsequently diagnosed with predominantly early-stage ovarian cancer. Serum CA125 and CA15-3 values were obtained.
Median YKL-40 level was 28 ng/mL (range, 15 to 166 ng/mL) for healthy subjects, 36 ng/mL (range, 9 to 69 ng/mL) for high-risk individuals without prior cancer, 44.5 ng/mL (range, 5 to 133 ng/mL) for high-risk patients with prior breast cancer, and 38 ng/mL (range, 5 to 67 ng/mL) for individuals with benign gynecologic processes (P = NS). Median preoperative YKL-40 level for ovarian cancer patients was 94 ng/mL (range, 17 to 517 ng/mL; P <.0001 compared with normal and high-risk). YKL-40 was elevated (>/= 62 ng/mL) in 36 (72%) of 50 patients compared with 23 (46%) of 50 and 13 (26%) of 50 patients for CA125 and CA15-3 (P <.008). Twenty (65%) of 31 early-stage patients had elevated serum YKL-40 levels compared with 11 (35%) of 31 and four (13%) of 31 patients for CA125 and CA15-3 (P =.039). YKL-40 levels increased with stage (P <.005), regardless of grade, histology, or patient age. Patients with early-stage tumors with YKL-40 values more than 80 ng/mL had a worse prognosis (71% recurrence v no recurrence [P =.034]).
YKL-40 may represent a novel marker for the detection of early-stage ovarian cancer. YKL-40 levels in early-stage patients may also predict disease recurrence and survival. The utility of YKL-40 in detection of early-stage ovarian cancer deserves further investigation.