Prevalence and Medical Costs of Chronic Diseases Among Adult Medicaid Beneficiaries

• Published in: American journal of preventive medicine Vol. 53; no. 6; pp. S143 - S154
• Main Authors: Chapel, John M., Ritchey, Matthew D., Zhang, Donglan, Wang, Guijing
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier Inc 01-12-2017; Elsevier Science Ltd
• Subjects: Adult; Adults; Beneficiaries; Cancer; Cardiovascular diseases; Chronic asthma; Chronic Disease - economics; Chronic Disease - epidemiology; Chronic Disease - prevention & control; Chronic illnesses; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Cost analysis; Cost of Illness; Diabetes; Epidemiology; Female; Health Care Costs - statistics & numerical data; Health care expenditures; Health Expenditures - statistics & numerical data; Health Status; Heart failure; Humans; Hyperlipidemia; Hypertension; Literature reviews; Male; Medicaid; Medicaid - economics; Medicaid - statistics & numerical data; Medical diagnosis; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Schizophrenia; United States - epidemiology; Young Adult
• ISSN: 0749-3797; 1873-2607
• DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2017.07.019

This review summarizes the current literature for the prevalence and medical costs of noncommunicable chronic diseases among adult Medicaid beneficiaries to inform future program design.
The databases MEDLINE and CINAHL were searched in August 2016 using keywords, including Medicaid, health status, and healthcare cost, to identify original studies that were published during 2000−2016, examined Medicaid as an independent population group, examined prevalence or medical costs of chronic conditions, and included adults within the age group 18−64 years. The review and data extraction was conducted in Fall 2016−Spring 2017. Disease-related costs (costs specifically to treat the disease) and total costs (all-cause medical costs for a patient with the disease) are presented separately.
Among the 29 studies selected, prevalence estimates for enrollees aged 18−64 years were 8.8%−11.8% for heart disease, 17.2%−27.4% for hypertension, 16.8%−23.2% for hyperlipidemia, 7.5%−12.7% for diabetes, 9.5% for cancer, 7.8%−19.3% for asthma, 5.0%−22.3% for depression, and 55.7%−62.1% for one or more chronic conditions. Estimated annual per patient disease-related costs (2015 U.S. dollars) were $3,219−$4,674 for diabetes, $3,968−$6,491 for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and $989−$3,069 for asthma. Estimated hypertension-related costs were $687, but total costs per hypertensive beneficiary ranged much higher. Estimated total annual healthcare costs were $29,271−$51,937 per beneficiary with heart failure and $11,446−$20,585 per beneficiary with schizophrenia. Costs among beneficiaries with cancer were $29,384−$46,194 for the 6 months following diagnosis.
These findings could help inform the evaluation of interventions to prevent and manage noncommunicable chronic diseases and their potential to control costs among the vulnerable Medicaid population.