Endothelial mechanotransduction, nitric oxide and vascular inflammation

• Published in: Journal of internal medicine Vol. 259; no. 4; pp. 351 - 363
• Main Authors: HARRISON, D. G., WIDDER, J., GRUMBACH, I., CHEN, W., WEBER, M., SEARLES, C.
• Format: Journal Article Conference Proceeding
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01-04-2006; Blackwell Science
• Subjects: Animals; Biological and medical sciences; Endothelial Cells - physiology; Endothelium, Vascular - physiology; Enzyme Activation; Exercise - physiology; General aspects; Humans; Mechanotransduction, Cellular - physiology; Medical sciences; mRNA polyadenylaiton; mRNA transcription; multidrug resistance protein‐1; NFκB; Nitric Oxide - metabolism; nitric oxide synthase; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III - metabolism; Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism; Rheology; shear response element; Stress, Mechanical; Vasculitis - metabolism; shear response element; Endothelial cell; Shear; Transcription; NFκB; Enzyme; mRNA polyadenylaiton; Inflammation; Response element; Nitric-oxide synthase; Medicine; Messenger RNA; mRNA transcription; Nitric oxide; Blood vessel; multidrug resistance protein-1; Oxidoreductases; Transcription factor NFκB; nitric oxide synthase; Multidrug resistance protein 1; ABC transporter
• ISSN: 0954-6820; 1365-2796
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2006.01621.x

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Numerous aspects of vascular homeostasis are modulated by nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The production of these is dramatically influenced by mechanical forces imposed on the endothelium and vascular smooth muscle. In this review, we will discuss the effects of mechanical forces on the expression of the endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase, production of ROS and modulation of endothelial cell glutathione. We will also review data that exercise training in vivo has a similar effect as laminar shear on endothelial function and discuss the clinical relevance of these basic findings.