Cell Membrane-Coated Nanoparticles for Precision Medicine: A Comprehensive Review of Coating Techniques for Tissue-Specific Therapeutics

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 25; no. 4; p. 2071
• Main Authors: Fernández-Borbolla, Andrés, García-Hevia, Lorena, Fanarraga, Mónica L
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01-02-2024
• Subjects: biomimetic nanoparticle; biomimicry; Breast cancer; Cell Membrane - metabolism; Cell membranes; Coatings; Dendritic cells; Drug Delivery Systems; Drugs; Efficiency; Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; Fibroblasts; Health aspects; Homogenization; homotypic targeting; Immune system; Leukemia; Leukocytes; Liver cancer; Lung cancer; Melanoma; Membranes; Multiple myeloma; Nanomaterials; nanomedicine; nanoparticle coating; Nanoparticles; Neuroblastoma; Neutrophils; Ovarian cancer; Phosphatase; Precision Medicine; Prostate cancer; Stem cells; targeted drug delivery; Vagina; Vehicles; nanoparticle coating; nanomedicine; targeted drug delivery; homotypic targeting; biomimicry; biomimetic nanoparticle
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042071

Nanoencapsulation has become a recent advancement in drug delivery, enhancing stability, bioavailability, and enabling controlled, targeted substance delivery to specific cells or tissues. However, traditional nanoparticle delivery faces challenges such as a short circulation time and immune recognition. To tackle these issues, cell membrane-coated nanoparticles have been suggested as a practical alternative. The production process involves three main stages: cell lysis and membrane fragmentation, membrane isolation, and nanoparticle coating. Cell membranes are typically fragmented using hypotonic lysis with homogenization or sonication. Subsequent membrane fragments are isolated through multiple centrifugation steps. Coating nanoparticles can be achieved through extrusion, sonication, or a combination of both methods. Notably, this analysis reveals the absence of a universally applicable method for nanoparticle coating, as the three stages differ significantly in their procedures. This review explores current developments and approaches to cell membrane-coated nanoparticles, highlighting their potential as an effective alternative for targeted drug delivery and various therapeutic applications.