New geometric design consistency model based on operating speed profiles for road safety evaluation

• Published in: Accident analysis and prevention Vol. 61; pp. 33 - 42
• Main Authors: Camacho-Torregrosa, Francisco J., Pérez-Zuriaga, Ana M., Campoy-Ungría, J. Manuel, García-García, Alfredo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01-12-2013
• Subjects: Accidents, Traffic - prevention & control; Automobile Driving - statistics & numerical data; Consistency; Crash estimation; Crashes; Deceleration; Design consistency; Design engineering; Environment Design; Humans; Methodology; Models, Theoretical; Operating speed; Road safety; Roads; Rural Population; Safety; Safety - statistics & numerical data; Segments; Surrogate measures; Crash estimation; Road safety; Operating speed; Design consistency; Surrogate measures
• ISSN: 0001-4575; 1879-2057
• DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2012.10.001

► Geometric design consistency is highly related to road safety. ► Acceleration and deceleration models were obtained based on curve radius. ► 14 variables were obtained from the operating speed profiles and analyzed. ► The final consistency model is based on the average speed and the speed reduction.
To assist in the on-going effort to reduce road fatalities as much as possible, this paper presents a new methodology to evaluate road safety in both the design and redesign stages of two-lane rural highways. This methodology is based on the analysis of road geometric design consistency, a value which will be a surrogate measure of the safety level of the two-lane rural road segment. The consistency model presented in this paper is based on the consideration of continuous operating speed profiles. The models used for their construction were obtained by using an innovative GPS-data collection method that is based on continuous operating speed profiles recorded from individual drivers. This new methodology allowed the researchers to observe the actual behavior of drivers and to develop more accurate operating speed models than was previously possible with spot-speed data collection, thereby enabling a more accurate approximation to the real phenomenon and thus a better consistency measurement.
Operating speed profiles were built for 33 Spanish two-lane rural road segments, and several consistency measurements based on the global and local operating speed were checked. The final consistency model takes into account not only the global dispersion of the operating speed, but also some indexes that consider both local speed decelerations and speeds over posted speeds as well.
For the development of the consistency model, the crash frequency for each study site was considered, which allowed estimating the number of crashes on a road segment by means of the calculation of its geometric design consistency. Consequently, the presented consistency evaluation method is a promising innovative tool that can be used as a surrogate measure to estimate the safety of a road segment.