The electroencephalographic fingerprint of sleep is genetically determined: A twin study

• Published in: Annals of neurology Vol. 64; no. 4; pp. 455 - 460
• Main Authors: De Gennaro, Luigi, Marzano, Cristina, Fratello, Fabiana, Moroni, Fabio, Pellicciari, Maria Concetta, Ferlazzo, Fabio, Costa, Stefania, Couyoumdjian, Alessandro, Curcio, Giuseppe, Sforza, Emilia, Malafosse, Alain, Finelli, Luca A., Pasqualetti, Patrizio, Ferrara, Michele, Bertini, Mario, Rossini, Paolo Maria
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hoboken Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 01-10-2008; Willey-Liss
• Subjects: Adult; Biological and medical sciences; Disorders of higher nervous function. Focal brain diseases. Central vestibular syndrome and deafness. Brain stem syndromes; Electroencephalography; Female; Humans; Male; Medical sciences; Nervous system (semeiology, syndromes); Neurology; Polysomnography; Sleep - genetics; Twins, Dizygotic - physiology; Twins, Monozygotic - physiology; Wakefulness - genetics; Young Adult; Electrophysiology; Nervous system diseases; Electroencephalography; Sleep; Sleep wake cycle; Twin
• ISSN: 0364-5134; 1531-8249
• DOI: 10.1002/ana.21434

Humans have an individual profile of the electroencephalographic power spectra at the 8 to 16Hz frequency during non–rapid eye movement sleep that is stable over time and resistant to experimental perturbations. We tested the hypothesis that this electroencephalographic “fingerprint” is genetically determined, by recording 40 monozygotic and dizygotic twins during baseline and recovery sleep after prolonged wakefulness. We show a largely greater similarity within monozygotic than dizygotic pairs, resulting in a heritability estimate of 96%, not influenced by sleep need and intensity. If replicated, these results will establish the electroencephalographic profile during sleep as one of the most heritable traits of humans. Ann Neurol 2008