Chemical weathering inferred from riverine water chemistry in the lower Xijiang basin, South China

• Published in: The Science of the total environment Vol. 408; no. 20; pp. 4749 - 4760
• Main Authors: Sun, Huiguo, Han, Jingtai, Li, Dong, Zhang, Shurong, Lu, Xixi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Kidlington Elsevier B.V 15-09-2010; [Amsterdam; New York]: Elsevier Science; Elsevier
• Subjects: Basins; Calcium - analysis; Carbon dioxide; Carbon Dioxide - analysis; Carbon Dioxide - chemistry; Carbonate weathering; Carbonates; Cations - analysis; China; Climatology. Bioclimatology. Climate change; CO 2 consumption; Earth sciences; Earth, ocean, space; Environmental Monitoring - methods; Exact sciences and technology; External geophysics; Flux; Geochemistry; Geological Phenomena; Lower Xijiang basin; Magnesium - analysis; Meteorology; Mineralogy; Rivers; Rivers - chemistry; Rock; Seasons; Silicate weathering; Silicates; Silicates - analysis; Silicates - chemistry; Water chemistry; Water geochemistry; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis; Water Pollutants, Chemical - chemistry; Weather; Weathering; Far East; Asia; China; China, People's Rep; CO 2 consumption; Carbonate weathering; Silicate weathering; Lower Xijiang basin; Water geochemistry; Carbon compound; Gas emission; geochemistry; streams; Carbon dioxide; consumption; carbon cycle; CO; Material weathering; carbonates; greenhouse gas; surface water; feedback; hydrochemistry; Limiting factor; Weathering; silicates; Effect on climate; spatial variations; seasonal variations
• ISSN: 0048-9697; 1879-1026
• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.06.007

Seasonal sampling was conducted on 13 sites involving the lower stem of the Xijiang river and its three tributaries to determine the spatial patterns of the riverine water chemistry and to quantify the chemical weathering rates of carbonate and silicate of the bedrock. Results indicate that the major ions in the Xijiang river system are dominated by Ca
2+ and HCO
3
− with a higher concentration of total dissolved solids, characteristic of the drainages developed on typical carbonate regions. Obvious spatial variations of major ion concentrations are found at various spatial scales, which are dominantly controlled by the lithology particularly carbonate distribution in the region. The four selected rivers show similar seasonal variations in major ions, with lower concentrations during the rainy season. Runoff is the first important factor for controlling the weathering rate in the basin, although increasing temperature and duration of water–rock interaction could make positive contributions to the enhancement of chemical weathering. The chemical weathering rates range from 52.6 to 73.7
t/km
2/yr within the lower Xijiang basin and carbonate weathering is over one order of magnitude higher than that of silicates. CO
2 consumption rate by rock weathering is 2.0
×
10
11
mol/yr, of which more than 60% is contributed by carbonate weathering. The flux of CO
2 released to the atmosphere–ocean system by sulfuric acid-induced carbonate weathering is 1.1
×
10
5
mol/km
2/yr, comparable with the CO
2 flux consumed by silicate weathering.