Colored and White Sectors From Star-Patterned Petunia Flowers Display Differential Resistance to Corn Earworm and Cabbage Looper Larvae

• Published in: Journal of chemical ecology Vol. 34; no. 6; pp. 757 - 765
• Main Authors: Johnson, Eric T, Berhow, Mark A, Dowd, Patrick F
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York New York : Springer-Verlag 01-06-2008; Springer-Verlag; Springer; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Agriculture; Animal and plant ecology; Animal, plant and microbial ecology; Animals; anthocyanins; Anthocyanins - isolation & purification; Anthocyanins - metabolism; antifeeding activity; Autoecology; Bioassays; Biochemistry; Biological and medical sciences; Biological Assay; Biological Microscopy; Biomedical and Life Sciences; body weight; chemical constituents of plants; Chemical ecology; Color; Corn; Cultivars; Eating; Ecology; Entomology; Flowers; Flowers - physiology; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Helicoverpa zea; Herbivores; Insecticides; Larva - physiology; Larvae; Lepidoptera - growth & development; Lepidoptera - physiology; Life Sciences; mortality; pest resistance; Petunia - physiology; Petunia hybrida; Pigmentation; Plant ecology; Plant resistance; Plants and fungi; Pollinators; resistance mechanisms; Trichoplusia ni; Resistance; Anthocyanins; Petunia; Insect; Anthocyanin; Flower; Petunia hybrida; Trichoplusia ni; Insecta; Pest; Phytophagous; Sensitivity resistance; Larva; Animal plant relation; Arthropoda; Dicotyledones; Insect resistance; Angiospermae; Lepidoptera; Flower crop; Spermatophyta; Noctuidae; Solanaceae; Invertebrata
• ISSN: 0098-0331; 1573-1561
• DOI: 10.1007/s10886-008-9444-0

Anthocyanins are likely a visual aid that attract pollinators. However, there is also the possibility that anthocyanins are present in some flowers as defensive molecules that protect them from excess light, pathogens, or herbivores. In this study, resistance due to anthocyanins from commercial petunia flowers (Petunia hybrida) was examined for insecticide/antifeedant activity against corn earworm (CEW, Helicoverpa zea) and cabbage looper (CL, Trichoplusia ni). The petunia flowers studied contained a star pattern, with colored and white sectors. CEW larvae ate significantly less colored sectors than white sectors in no-choice bioassays in most cases. All CEW larvae feeding on blue sectors weighed significantly less after 2 days than larvae feeding on white sectors, which was negatively correlated with total anthocyanin levels. CL larvae ate less of blue sectors than white sectors, and blue sectors from one petunia cultivar caused significantly higher CL mortality than white sectors. Partially purified anthocyanin mixtures isolated from petunia flowers, when added to insect diet discs at approximately natural concentrations, reduced both CEW and CL larva weights compared to the controls. These studies demonstrate that the colored sectors of these petunia cultivars slow the development of these lepidopteran larvae and indicate that anthocyanins play some part in flower defense in petunia.