Climate as the most important factor determining anti-fungal biocide performance in paint films

• Published in: The Science of the total environment Vol. 408; no. 23; pp. 5878 - 5886
• Main Authors: Shirakawa, Márcia Aiko, Tavares, Roberta Gonçalves, Gaylarde, Christine Claire, Taqueda, Maria Elena Santos, Loh, Kai, John, Vanderley Moacyr
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Kidlington Elsevier B.V 01-11-2010; [Amsterdam; New York]: Elsevier Science; Elsevier
• Subjects: Animal, plant and microbial ecology; Applied ecology; Benzimidazoles - chemistry; Benzimidazoles - toxicity; Biocides; Biofilms; Biofilms - drug effects; Biological and medical sciences; Brazil; Carbamates - chemistry; Carbamates - toxicity; Cladosporium; Cladosporium - drug effects; Cladosporium - growth & development; Climate; Climatic factors; Concrete blocks; Cyanobacteria; Disinfectants - chemistry; Disinfectants - toxicity; Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Pollutants; Field exposure; Formulations; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Fungal colonization; Fungi; Fungi - classification; Fungi - drug effects; Fungi - growth & development; Fungicides, Industrial - chemistry; Fungicides, Industrial - toxicity; Leaching; Marine and brackish environment; Paint - toxicity; Paint film; Pigment volume content; Polyvinyl chlorides; Thiazoles - chemistry; Thiazoles - toxicity; Norwegian Sea; Arctic Ocean; AACB; Pigment volume content; Fungal colonization; Paint film; Climatic factors; Field exposure; PVC; Leaching; Biocides; Marine environment; Trophic chain; Pollutant; Food web; Biological accumulation; Diastereomer; Biomagnification
• ISSN: 0048-9697; 1879-1026
• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.07.084

The effect of Pigment Volume Content (PVC) on fungal growth on acrylic paint formulations with and without biocide, exposed to weathering in three different climatic regions in Brazil for four years, was studied. Latex paints, with PVC of 30%, 35% and 50%, were applied to autoclaved aerated concrete blocks pre-covered with acrylic sealer and acrylic plaster. They were exposed to equatorial, tropical and temperate climates in north, south-east, and south Brazil.
Cladosporium was the most abundant fungal genus detected in the biofilm on the surfaces of all paint formulations at all sites after four years. Heaviest fungal colonization occurred in the tropical south-east and lightest in the temperate south of the country, but more phototrophs, principally cyanobacteria, were detected in the equatorial region. PVC and presence of biocides were shown to be of less importance than environmental conditions (irradiance, humidity and temperature) for biofilm formation and consequent discolouration. These results have important implications for testing of paint formulations.