Dynamic planning of a two-dose vaccination campaign with uncertain supplies

• Published in: European journal of operational research Vol. 304; no. 3; pp. 1269 - 1278
• Main Authors: Calafiore, Giuseppe Carlo, Parino, Francesco, Zino, Lorenzo, Rizzo, Alessandro
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01-02-2023; The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V
• Subjects: Conic programming and interior point methods; Epidemics; Innovative Applications of O.R; OR in medicine; Uncertainty modeling; Vaccination; OR in medicine; Epidemics; Uncertainty modeling; Vaccination; Conic programming and interior point methods
• ISSN: 0377-2217; 1872-6860; 0377-2217
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ejor.2022.05.009

•Novel framework to plan a two-shot vaccination campaign with uncertain supplies.•Problem formalization as an efficiently-solvable second-order cone program.•Method assessed on a case-study based on the COVID-19 vaccination campaign in Italy.•High performance achieved when unrolled in a sliding-horizon fashion.•Effective decision support system to steer policymakers’ actions.
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has led public health authorities to face the unprecedented challenge of planning a global vaccination campaign, which for most protocols entails the administration of two doses, separated by a bounded but flexible time interval. The partial immunity already offered by the first dose and the high levels of uncertainty in the vaccine supplies have been characteristic of most of the vaccination campaigns implemented worldwide and made the planning of such interventions extremely complex. Motivated by this compelling challenge, we propose a stochastic optimization framework for optimally scheduling a two-dose vaccination campaign in the presence of uncertain supplies, taking into account constraints on the interval between the two doses and on the capacity of the healthcare system. The proposed framework seeks to maximize the vaccination coverage, considering the different levels of immunization obtained with partial (one dose only) and complete vaccination (two doses). We cast the optimization problem as a convex second-order cone program, which can be efficiently solved through numerical techniques. We demonstrate the potential of our framework on a case study calibrated on the COVID-19 vaccination campaign in Italy. The proposed method shows good performance when unrolled in a sliding-horizon fashion, thereby offering a powerful tool to help public health authorities calibrate the vaccination campaign, pursuing a trade-off between efficacy and the risk associated with shortages in supply.