A new approach to interventional atrioventricular valve therapy

• Published in: The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery Vol. 140; no. 1; pp. 97 - 102
• Main Authors: Goetzenich, Andreas, MD, Dohmen, Guido, MD, Hatam, Nima, MD, Deichmann, Thorsten, Dipl-Ing, Schmitz, Christoph, Dipl-Ing, Mahnken, Andreas H., MD, PhD, Autschbach, Rüdiger, MD, PhD, Spillner, Jan, MD
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, NY Mosby, Inc 01-07-2010; Elsevier
• Subjects: Alloys; Anesthesia. Intensive care medicine. Transfusions. Cell therapy and gene therapy; Animals; Biological and medical sciences; Cardiac Catheterization - instrumentation; Cardiology. Vascular system; Cardiothoracic Surgery; Disease Models, Animal; Echocardiography, Transesophageal; Feasibility Studies; Female; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation - instrumentation; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation - methods; Hemodynamics; Materials Testing; Medical sciences; Mitral Valve - diagnostic imaging; Mitral Valve - physiopathology; Mitral Valve - surgery; Mitral Valve Insufficiency - diagnosis; Mitral Valve Insufficiency - physiopathology; Mitral Valve Insufficiency - surgery; Models, Anatomic; Pneumology; Polyvinyls; Prosthesis Design; Swine; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; 35.3; atrioventricular; CPB; AV; 28; cardiopulmonary bypass; 35.4.1; 35.4; Anesthesia; Treatment; Circulatory system; Technique; Cardiology; Heart valve
• ISSN: 0022-5223; 1097-685X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.09.037

Objective Transcatheter replacement or repair of mitral valve regurgitation has proved demanding. We aimed for a new approach to anchor a biologic heart valve in the mitral position by inserting a valve-carrying hollow body into the left atrium. This approach was investigated in both a simulation and an animal model. Methods After creating a mold representing the porcine left atrium from the pulmonary veins as far as the mitral valve, a nitinol skeleton was sutured onto interlaced yarns of polyvinylidene flouride fitting the mold. The resulting device was equipped with a commercially available stentless valve (25 mm) and investigated in a simulator regarding basic functionality. Furthermore, the device was implanted in 8 female pigs through incision of the left atrium during extracorporeal circulation. Before implantation, artificial regurgitation was created by means of excision from the posterior mitral leaflet. Hemodynamic, echocardiographic, and radiologic examinations followed. For a postmortem examination, the entire heart and the lungs were excised. Results We could demonstrate the functionality of the heart valve in a complex, collapsible, and self-expanding hollow body. The device adapted to the surrounding structures, leading to an exclusion of the left atrium. Sufficient treatment of mitral regurgitation was monitored hemodynamically and by means of echocardiographic analysis, although overall visualization remained difficult. Therefore in 4 animals computed tomographic scans were performed. Autopsy revealed proper positioning without major trauma to the surrounding structures. Conclusion Anchoring an additional heart valve in the atrioventricular position does not necessarily need to be performed in the heart valve structure itself. Placement of an additional valve in the mitral position is feasible through this approach.