Determination of fungal succession during municipal solid waste composting using a cloning-based analysis

• Published in: Journal of applied microbiology Vol. 108; no. 2; pp. 472 - 487
• Main Authors: Hultman, J, Vasara, T, Partanen, P, Kurola, J, Kontro, M.H, Paulin, L, Auvinen, P, Romantschuk, M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford, UK Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01-02-2010; Blackwell Publishing Ltd; Blackwell
• Subjects: Biological and medical sciences; Biomass; Cloning, Molecular; culture independent; DNA, Fungal - genetics; DNA, Ribosomal - genetics; drum composting; Fatty Acids - analysis; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Fungi - classification; Fungi - genetics; Fungi - growth & development; Genomic Library; internal transcribed spacer; internal transcribed spacers; Metagenome; Microbiology; Mycological Typing Techniques; Phospholipids - analysis; Phylogeny; PLFA; Refuse Disposal - methods; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil - analysis; Soil Microbiology; wood-ash; Wood; Applied microbiology; Drum; Urban waste; internal transcribed spacer; Spacer DNA; culture independent; drum composting; Fungi; Composting; PLFA; wood-ash; Solid waste; Culture
• ISSN: 1364-5072; 1365-2672
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04439.x

The microbiota at industrial full-scale composting plants has earlier been fragmentarily studied with molecular methods. Here, fungal communities from different stages of a full-scale and a pilot-scale composting reactors were studied before and after wood ash amendment. The portion of fungal biomass, determined using phospholipid fatty acid analysis, varied between 6·3% and 38·5% in different composting phases. The fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) area was cloned and sequenced from 19 samples representing different stages of the composting processes. Altogether 2986 sequenced clones were grouped into 166 phylotypes from which 35% had a close match in the sequence databases. The fungal communities of the samples were related with the measured environmental variables in order to identify phylotypes typical of certain composting conditions. The fungal phylotypes could be grouped into those that dominated the mesophilic low pH initial phases (sequences similar to genera Candida, Pichia and Dipodascaceae) and those found mostly or exclusively in the thermophilic phase (sequences clustering to Thermomyces, Candida and Rhizomucor), but a few were also present throughout the whole process. The community composition was found to vary between suboptimally and optimally operating processes. In addition, there were differences in fungal communities between processes of industrial and pilot scale. The results of this study reveal the fungal diversity with molecular methods in industrial composting process. This is also one of the first studies conducted with samples from an industrial biowaste composting process.