Osteoclasts Differentiation from Murine RAW 264.7 Cells Stimulated by RANKL: Timing and Behavior

• Published in: Biology (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 10; no. 2; p. 117
• Main Authors: Lampiasi, Nadia, Russo, Roberta, Kireev, Igor, Strelkova, Olga, Zhironkina, Oxana, Zito, Francesca
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 04-02-2021; MDPI
• Subjects: Adapter proteins; Antibodies; c-Fos protein; Cell adhesion & migration; Cytokines; Cytology; Cytoskeleton; DC-STAMP protein; Digital cameras; Experiments; Fluorescein isothiocyanate; Gelatinase B; Gene expression; Immunofluorescence; Kinases; Leukocyte migration; Macrophages; Microscopy; Monocytes; multinucleated cell; NFATc1; Osteoclastogenesis; Osteoclasts; p-ERK; p-p38; RANK localization; RelA protein; RhoA protein; Signal transduction; TRAF6 protein; TRANCE protein; Transcription factors; WGA-FITC labeling; Wheat germ; Wheat germ agglutinin; Grand Island New York; St Louis Missouri; United States > US; Japan; Germany; migrasomes; nuclear co-localization; multinucleated cell; WGA-FITC labeling; p-p38; NFATc1; RANK localization; p-ERK
• ISSN: 2079-7737; 2079-7737
• DOI: 10.3390/biology10020117

The development of multi-nucleated cells is critical for osteoclasts (OCs) maturation and function. Our objective was to extend knowledge on osteoclastogenesis, focusing on pre-OC fusion timing and behavior. RAW 264.7 cells, which is a murine monocyte-macrophage cell line, provide a valuable and widely used tool for in vitro studies on osteoclastogenesis mechanisms. Cells were treated with the receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand (RANKL) for 1-4 days and effects on cell morphology, cytoskeletal organization, protein distribution, and OC-specific gene expression examined by TEM, immunofluorescence, and qPCR. Multinucleated cells began to appear at two days of Receptor Activator of Nuclear factor κ-B Ligand (RANKL) stimulation, increasing in number and size in the following days, associated with morphological and cytoskeletal organization changes. Interesting cellular extensions were observed in three days within cells labeled with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). The membrane, cytoplasmic, or nuclear distribution of RANK, TRAF6, p-p38, pERK1/2, and NFATc1, respectively, was related to OCs maturation timing. The gene expression for transcription factors regulating osteoclastogenesis (
,
,
,
), molecules involved in RANKL-signaling transduction (
), cytoskeleton regulation (
), fusion (
), migration (
), and OC-specific enzymes (
), showed different trends related to OC differentiation timing. Our findings provide an integrated view on the morphological and molecular changes occurring during RANKL stimulation of RAW 264.7 cells, which are important to better understand the OCs' maturation processes.