Potential Utilization of Bacterial Consortium of Symbionts Marine Sponges in Removing Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons and Heavy Metals, Review

• Published in: Biology (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 12; no. 1; p. 86
• Main Authors: Marzuki, Ismail, Rosmiati, Rosmiati, Mustafa, Akhmad, Sahabuddin, Sahabuddin, Tarunamulia, Tarunamulia, Susianingsih, Endang, Hendrajat, Erfan Andi, Sahrijanna, Andi, Muslimin, Muslimin, Ratnawati, Erna, Kamariah, Kamariah, Nisaa, Khairun, Herlambang, Susila, Gunawan, Sri, Santi, Idum Satia, Isnawan, Bambang Heri, Kaseng, Ernawati Syahruddin, Septiningsih, Early, Asaf, Ruzkiah, Athirah, Admi, Basri, Basri
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 05-01-2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Adsorption; Anthracene; Bacteria; bacterial consortium; Biodegradation; Biomedical materials; Bioremediation; Biosorption; Contaminants; Environmental quality; Heavy metals; Hydrocarbons; Marine environment; marine sponges; Metabolism; Metals; Microorganisms; Naphthalene; Oil spills; PAHs; Pollutants; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Reagents; removal; Review; Reviews; Symbionts; Waste management; removal; PAHs; heavy metals; bacterial consortium; marine sponges
• ISSN: 2079-7737; 2079-7737
• DOI: 10.3390/biology12010086

Toxic materials in waste generally contain several components of the global trending pollutant category, especially PAHs and heavy metals. Bioremediation technology for waste management that utilizes microorganisms (bacteria) has not been fully capable of breaking down these toxic materials into simple and environmentally friendly chemical products. This review paper examines the potential application of a consortium of marine sponge symbionts with high performance and efficiency in removing PAHs and heavy metal contaminants. The method was carried out through a review of several related research articles by the author and published by other researchers. The results of the study conclude that the development of global trending pollutant (GTP) bioremediation technology could be carried out to increase the efficiency of remediation. Several types of marine sponge symbiont bacteria, hydrocarbonoclastic (R-1), metalloclastic (R-2), and metallo-hydro-carbonoclastic (R-3), have the potential to be applied to improve waste removal performance. A consortium of crystalline bacterial preparations is required to mobilize into GTP-exposed sites rapidly. Bacterial symbionts of marine sponges can be traced mainly to sea sponges, whose body surface is covered with mucus.