Comparison of zebrafish (Danio rerio) and fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) as test species in the Fish Sexual Development Test (FSDT)

• Published in: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology Vol. 155; no. 2; pp. 407 - 415
• Main Authors: Holbech, Henrik, Kinnberg, Karin L., Brande-Lavridsen, Nanna, Bjerregaard, Poul, Petersen, Gitte I., Norrgren, Leif, Örn, Stefan, Braunbeck, Thomas, Baumann, Lisa, Bomke, Christiane, Dorgerloh, Michael, Bruns, Eric, Ruehl-Fehlert, Christine, Green, John W., Springer, Timothy A., Gourmelon, Anne
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01-03-2012
• Subjects: Animals; Aromatase inhibitor; Cyprinidae - metabolism; Cyprinidae - physiology; Danio rerio; Endocrine disrupters; endocrine-disrupting chemicals; Environmental Sciences related to Agriculture and Land-use; Fathead minnow; Female; females; fish; Freshwater; Fungicides, Industrial - toxicity; head; Imidazoles - toxicity; Male; males; Miljö- och naturvårdsvetenskap; No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; phenotype; Pimephales promelas; Prochloraz; Regression Analysis; Sex Ratio; sexual development; Sexual differentiation; Sexual Maturation - drug effects; Species Specificity; tail; Toxicity Tests - methods; Vitellogenin; Vitellogenins - metabolism; Zebrafish; Zebrafish - metabolism; Zebrafish - physiology; Prochloraz; Sex ratio; Aromatase inhibitor; Zebrafish; Fathead minnow; Endocrine disrupters; Vitellogenin; Sexual differentiation
• ISSN: 1532-0456; 1878-1659; 1878-1659
• DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2011.11.002

Results are presented from a validation (with 5 laboratories) of the Fish Sexual Development Test (FSDT) developed to detect endocrine disrupters (EDs) and included in the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) working program. The aromatase-inhibiting fungicide prochloraz was tested in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). The fish were exposed during sexual differentiation and development from 0 to 60days post hatch (dph). After exposure, the vitellogenin (VTG) concentrations were quantified in head/tail homogenate and the sex ratio was determined (defined as female, male, intersex or undifferentiated). NOEC/LOEC and ECx designs were compared to optimize the test approach. Results show that both species are highly sensitive to prochloraz during sexual development. They respond by skewing of the sex ratio towards male phenotype and by a VTG decline in females. The NOEC/LOEC approach is preferred because sex ratio is difficult to analyze with a regression model. The mean NOEC/LOEC for prochloraz on the sex ratio was 43.3/134μg/L and 101/293μg/L for zebrafish and fathead minnow, respectively. The mean NOEC/LOEC on the decline in female VTG concentration was 65/110μg/L and ~30/68μg/L respectively. In conclusion, zebrafish and fathead minnow are suitable species in the FSDT and their sexual differentiation is equally labile to EDs.