Binding Characteristics of Radiofluorinated 6-Dialkylamino-2-Naphthylethylidene Derivatives as Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Probes for beta -Amyloid Plaques in Alzheimer's Disease

• Published in: The Journal of neuroscience Vol. 21; no. 24; pp. 189 - RC189
• Main Authors: Agdeppa, Eric D, Kepe, Vladimir, Liu, Jie, Flores-Torres, Samuel, Satyamurthy, Nagichettiar, Petric, Andrej, Cole, Greg M, Small, Gary W, Huang, Sung-Cheng, Barrio, Jorge R
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Soc Neuroscience 15-12-2001; Society for Neuroscience
• Subjects: Alzheimer Disease - diagnosis; Alzheimer Disease - metabolism; Alzheimer Disease - pathology; Amyloid beta-Peptides - chemistry; Amyloid beta-Peptides - metabolism; Autoradiography; Binding Sites - drug effects; Binding Sites - physiology; Brain - diagnostic imaging; Brain - metabolism; Brain - pathology; Fluorescent Dyes - chemistry; Fluorescent Dyes - metabolism; Fluorescent Dyes - pharmacokinetics; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Microscopy, Confocal; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Naphthalenes - chemistry; Naphthalenes - pharmacokinetics; Neurofibrillary Tangles - diagnostic imaging; Neurofibrillary Tangles - metabolism; Neurofibrillary Tangles - pathology; Nitriles - chemistry; Nitriles - pharmacokinetics; Peptide Fragments - chemistry; Peptide Fragments - metabolism; Plaque, Amyloid - diagnostic imaging; Plaque, Amyloid - metabolism; Plaque, Amyloid - pathology; Radioligand Assay; Rapid Communication; Substrate Specificity; Tomography, Emission-Computed - methods
• ISSN: 0270-6474; 1529-2401
• DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-24-j0004.2001

Senile plaques (SPs) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are hallmark pathologies accompanying the neurodegeneration involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD), for which beta-amyloid (Abeta) peptide is a major constituent of SPs. Our laboratories previously developed the hydrophobic, fluorescent molecular-imaging probe 2-(1-(6-[(2-[(18)F]fluoroethyl)(methyl)amino]-2-naphthyl)ethylidene)malononitrile ([(18)F]FDDNP), which crosses the blood-brain barrier and determines the localization and load of SPs and NFTs in vivo in AD patients. In this report, we used fluorimetric and radioactive binding assays to determine the binding affinities of FDDNP and its analog, 1-(6-[(2-[(18)F]fluoroethyl)(methyl)amino]naphthalen-2-yl)ethanone ([(18)F]FENE), to synthetic fibrils of Abeta(1-40). FDDNP and FENE both appeared to bind to two kinetically distinguishable binding sites on Abeta(1-40) fibrils. Fluorescence titrations yielded apparent K(d) values of 0.12 and 0.16 nm for high-affinity binding sites for FDDNP and FENE, respectively, and apparent K(d) values of 1.86 and 71.2 nm for the low-affinity binding sites. The traditional radioactive binding assays also produced apparent K(d) values in the low nanomolar range. The presence of two kinetically distinguishable binding sites for FDDNP and FENE suggests multiple binding sites for SPs and identifies the parameters that allow for the structural optimization of this family of probes for in vivo use. The high-affinity binding of the probes to multiple binding sites on fibrils are consistent with results obtained with digital autoradiography, immunohistochemistry, and confocal fluorescence microscopy using human brain specimens of AD patients.