Peripheral and Central Venous Blood Glucose Concentrations in Dogs and Cats with Acute Arterial Thromboembolism

• Published in: Journal of veterinary internal medicine Vol. 28; no. 5; pp. 1513 - 1519
• Main Authors: Klainbart, S., Kelmer, E., Vidmayer, B., Bdolah-Abram, T., Segev, G., Aroch, I.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01-09-2014; John Wiley & Sons, Inc; John Wiley and Sons Inc
• Subjects: Acute Disease; Animals; Blood clots; Blood Glucose - analysis; Canine; Cat Diseases - blood; Cats; Dog Diseases - blood; Dogs; Extremities - blood supply; Feline; Glucometer; Glucose; Medical imaging; Paraplegia - blood; Paraplegia - etiology; Paraplegia - veterinary; Prospective Studies; Thromboembolism; Thromboembolism - blood; Thromboembolism - veterinary; Thrombosis; Ultrasonic imaging; St Louis Missouri; United States > US; Glucometer; Thrombosis; Feline; Canine
• ISSN: 0891-6640; 1939-1676
• DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12400

Background
Acute limb paralysis because of arterial thromboembolism (ATE) occurs in cats and less commonly in dogs. ATE is diagnosed based on physical examination findings and, occasionally, advanced imaging.
Hypothesis/Objectives
Peripheral, affected limb venous glucose concentration is decreased in ATE, whereas its systemic concentration is within or above reference interval.
Animals
Client‐owned cats and dogs were divided into 3 respective groups: acute limb paralysis because of ATE (22 cats and 9 dogs); acute limb paralysis secondary to orthopedic or neurologic conditions (nonambulatory controls; 10 cats and 11 dogs); ambulatory animals presented because of various diseases (ambulatory controls; 10 cats and 9 dogs).
Methods
Prospective observational, clinical study. Systemic and local (affected limb) blood glucose concentrations were measured. Their absolute and relative differences (ΔGlu and %ΔGlu, respectively) were compared among groups.
Results
ΔGlu and %ΔGlu were significantly higher in the ATE cats and dogs groups, compared to both of their respective controls (P < .0001 and P < .001, respectively). No significant differences were observed between the control groups. Receiver operator characteristics analysis of ΔGlu and %ΔGlu as predictors of ATE had area under the curve of 0.96 and 0.99 in cats, respectively, and 1.00 and 1.00, in dogs, respectively. ΔGlu cutoffs of 30 mg/dL and 16 mg/dL, in cats and dogs, respectively, corresponded to sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 90% in cats, respectively, and 100% in dogs.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance
ΔGlu and %ΔGlu are accurate, readily available, diagnostic markers of acute ATE in paralyzed cats and dogs.