Gummosis in grape hyacinth (Muscari armeniacum) bulbs: Hormonal regulation and chemical composition of gums

• Published in: Journal of plant research Vol. 123; no. 3; pp. 363 - 370
• Main Authors: Miyamoto, K., Osaka Prefecture Univ., Sakai (Japan), Kotake, T, Sasamoto, M, Saniewski, M, Ueda, J
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Japan Springer Japan 01-05-2010; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Acetates - pharmacology; ALLOZYME; ALLOZYMES; ALOZIMAS; Biochemistry; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Botany; BULBE; BULBO; BULBS; CARBOHYDRATE CONTENT; Chemical composition; Chemical compounds; Chromatography; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; CONTENIDO DE CARBOHIDRATOS; Cyclopentanes - pharmacology; DISEMINACION DE SEMILLAS; DISSEMINATION DES GRAINES; ELECTROFORESIS; ELECTROPHORESE; ELECTROPHORESIS; ESPACEMENT; ESPACIAMIENTO; ETHYLENE; Ethylenes - pharmacology; ETILENO; FORMICIDAE; GENETIC VARIATION; Hormones; http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_1144; http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_1298; http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_15975; http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_24813; http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_2523; http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_26242; http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_2679; http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_517; http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_6932; http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_7272; Hyacinthus - drug effects; Hyacinthus - metabolism; Life Sciences; Molecular Weight; Organophosphorus Compounds - pharmacology; Oxylipins - pharmacology; Plant Biochemistry; Plant Ecology; Plant Growth Regulators - pharmacology; Plant Gums - chemistry; Plant Physiology; Plant Roots - chemistry; Plant Roots - drug effects; Plant Sciences; POLYGALACEAE; Regular Paper; Saccharides; Seasons; SEED DISPERSAL; SPACING; TENEUR EN GLUCIDES; VARIACION GENETICA; VARIATION GENETIQUE; Vitis - drug effects; Vitis - metabolism; Grape hyacinth; Ethylene; ); Sugar composition; Gummosis; Methyl jasmonate; Ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid)
• ISSN: 0918-9440; 1618-0860
• DOI: 10.1007/s10265-009-0273-1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the hormonal regulation of gummosis in grape hyacinth (Muscari armeniacum) bulbs, focusing especially on the chemical composition of the gums. The application of ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid), an ethylene-releasing compound, at 1% and 2% (w/w) in lanolin as well as ethylene induced gummosis in the bulbs within several days. Methyl jasmonate (JA-Me, 0.1 - 2% in lanolin) alone had no effect on gummosis. However, simultaneous application of JA-Me and ethephon led to extreme stimulation of ethephon-induced gummosis. Ethephon-induced gummosis in the bulbs depended on the maturation stage of the bulbs, increasing from April to July, but decreasing from August to September. Regardless of the presence of JA-Me, the application of ethephon to the inflorescence axis of grape hyacinths did not induce gummosis. Gel permeation chromatography analysis revealed that gums were homogenous polysaccharides with an average molecular mass of ca. 8.3 kDa. Analysis of the sugar composition of the gums after hydrolysis revealed that the molar ratio of Rha:Ara:Gal:GalA:GlcA was 25:10:40:7: 15. These results suggest that principal factors of gummosis as well as the chemical composition of gums differ between species of bulbous plants.