Optimizing Conditions for Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Polyphenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Barleria lupulina Lindl

• Published in: Plants (Basel) Vol. 10; no. 4; p. 682
• Main Authors: Ismail-Suhaimy, Noor Wahida, Gani, Siti Salwa Abd, Zaidan, Uswatun Hasanah, Halmi, Mohd Izuan Effendi, Bawon, Paiman
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01-04-2021; MDPI
• Subjects: 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH); Antioxidants; Barleria lupulina; Barleria lupulina Lindl; Carcinogens; Cosmetics; Dependent variables; Efficiency; Ethanol; Experiments; Flavonoids; Gallic acid; High performance liquid chromatography; Independent variables; Liquid chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Mass spectroscopy; Medicinal plants; microwave-assisted extraction (MAE); Optimization; Ornamental plants; Phenolic compounds; Phenols; Phytochemicals; Plant extracts; Polynomials; Polyphenols; Quadratic equations; Quadrupoles; Response surface methodology; response surface methodology (RSM); Solvents; Sulfonic acid; total flavonoid content (TFC); total phenolic content (TPC); Variance analysis; total flavonoid content (TFC); Barleria lupulina Lindl; total phenolic content (TPC); 2,20-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothizoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS); microwave-assisted extraction (MAE); 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH); response surface methodology (RSM)
• ISSN: 2223-7747; 2223-7747
• DOI: 10.3390/plants10040682

Lindl. (Acanthaceae) as an ornamental plant has been widely used in folklore medicine due to its abundancy in polyphenolic compounds. The present study examined conditions for optimal extraction of antioxidants from
leaf extracts by using the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method. The effects of ethanol concentrations, microwave power, and extraction time on total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and 2,20-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothizoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) were investigated by single-factor experiments. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to observe interactions of three independent variables (ethanol concentrations, microwave power, and extraction time) on the dependent variables (TPC, TFC, DPPH, and ABTS) to establish optimal extraction conditions. Quadratic polynomial equations in all experimental models yielded favorably with fitted models with R
and R
of more than 0.90 and a non-significant lack of fit at
> 0.05. The optimal conditions for the extraction of antioxidant activity were established at 80% (
) ethanol, 400 W, and 30 s with TPC (238.71 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g sample), TFC (58.09 mg QE/g sample), DPPH (87.95%), and ABTS (89.56%). Analysis by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF/MS) successfully identified four new phenylethanoid glycoside compounds in the species.