Molecular Surveillance of Plasmodium falciparum Drug Resistance Markers in Clinical Samples from Botswana
Drug-resistant is a major threat to global malaria control and elimination efforts. In Botswana, a southern African country approaching malaria elimination, molecular data are not available. Parasites were assessed through pollymerase chain reaction (PCR) for confirmation of positive rapid diagnosti...
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| Published in: | The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Vol. 99; no. 6; pp. 1499 - 1503 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
United States
Institute of Tropical Medicine
01-01-2018
The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
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| Summary: | Drug-resistant
is a major threat to global malaria control and elimination efforts. In Botswana, a southern African country approaching malaria elimination,
molecular data are not available. Parasites were assessed through pollymerase chain reaction (PCR) for confirmation of positive rapid diagnostic tests, multiplicity of infection (MOI), and drug resistance markers among isolates from clinical uncomplicated malaria cases collected at health facilities. Of 211 dried blood spot samples selected for the study, 186 (88.2%) were PCR positive for
. The mean MOI based on
genotyping was 2.3 and was not associated with age. A high prevalence of wild-type parasites for
and
was found, with a haplotype frequency (K76/N86) of 88.8% and 17.7% of the isolates having two copies of the
gene. For
, all the parasites carried the wild-type S769 allele. Sequencing showed no evidence of non-synonymous mutations associated with reduced artemisinin derivative sensitivity in the
gene. In conclusion, we found that
parasites in Botswana were mostly wild type for the drug resistance markers evaluated. Yet, there was a high rate of a molecular marker associated to reduced sensitivity to lumefantrine. Our results indicate the need for systematic drug efficacy surveillance to complement malaria elimination efforts. |
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| Bibliography: | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Financial support: This study was supported by the Botswana Ministry of Health and Wellness; the University of Botswana (Faculty of Health Sciences); the Penn Center for AIDS Research (CFAR), a National Institutes of Health–funded program [grant #P30 AI 045008 to G. M. P and C. W. M.]; and by the Sub-Saharan African Network for TB/HIV Research Excellence (SANTHE), a DELTAS Africa Initiative [grant #DEL-15-006 to L. T.]. The DELTAS Africa Initiative is an independent funding scheme of the African Academy of Sciences (AAS)’s Alliance for Accelerating Excellence in Science in Africa (AESA) and supported by the New Partnership for Africa’s Development Planning and Coordinating Agency (NEPAD Agency) with funding from the Wellcome Trust [grant #107752/Z/15/Z] and the U.K. government. The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of AAS, NEPAD Agency, Wellcome Trust, or the U.K. government. Authors’ addresses: Leabaneng Tawe, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana, Department of Medicine, Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana, and Laboratory, Sub-Saharan African Network for TB/HIV Research Excellence (SANTHE) at Botswana-Harvard Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana, E-mail: tleabaneng@yahoo.com. Michela Menegon, Mariangela L'Episcopia, and Carlo Severini, Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immuno-mediated Diseases (MIPI), Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy, E-mails: michela.menegon@iss.it, mlepiscopia@gmail.com, and carlo.severini@iss.it. Pleasure Ramatlho and Thato Motshoge, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana, E-mails: pleasureram@gmail.com and motshogethato@yahoo.com. Charles W. Muthoga, Department of Medicine, Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana, E-mail: chmuthoga@gmail.com. Naledi Mutukwa, Department of Pathology, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana, E-mail: Mutukwanb@mopipi.ub.bw. Moses Vurayai, National Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Gaborone, Botswana, E-mail: mvurayai@gmail.com. Wame Bothudile and Ishmael Kasvosve, Department of Medical Laboratories Science, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana, E-mails: wbothudile@yahoo.com and ishmael.kasvosve@mopipi.ub.bw. Tjantilili Mosweunyane, Ministry of Health and Wellness, National Malaria Program, Gaborone, Botswana, E-mail: tmosweunyane@gov.bw. Giacomo M. Paganotti, Department of Medicine, Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana, E-mail: paganottig@bup.org.bw. |
| ISSN: | 0002-9637 1476-1645 |
| DOI: | 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0440 |