TDM is dead. Long live TCI

Twenty years ago, target concentration intervention (TCI) was distinguished from therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). It was proposed that TCI would bring more clinical benefit because of the precision of the approach and the ability to link TCI to principles of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	British journal of clinical pharmacology Vol. 88; no. 4; pp. 1406 - 1413
Main Authors:	Holford, Nick, Ma, Guangda, Metz, David
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England John Wiley and Sons Inc 01-02-2022
Subjects:	Pharmacometrics: Past, Present and Future ‐ Themed Issue Reviews Review ‐themed Issue
Online Access:	Get full text
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Summary:	Twenty years ago, target concentration intervention (TCI) was distinguished from therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). It was proposed that TCI would bring more clinical benefit because of the precision of the approach and the ability to link TCI to principles of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics to predict the dose required by an individual (1). We examine the theory and clinical trial evidence supporting the benefits of TCI over TDM and conclude that in the digital age TDM should be abandoned and replaced by TCI.
ISSN:	0306-5251 1365-2125
DOI:	10.1111/bcp.14434