Synergistic and persistent effect of T‐cell immunotherapy with anti‐CD19 or anti‐CD38 chimeric receptor in conjunction with rituximab on B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma

• Published in: British journal of haematology Vol. 151; no. 1; pp. 37 - 46
• Main Authors: Mihara, Keichiro, Yanagihara, Kazuyoshi, Takigahira, Misato, Kitanaka, Akira, Imai, Chihaya, Bhattacharyya, Joyeeta, Kubo, Takanori, Takei, Yoshifumi, Yasunaga, Shin’ichiro, Takihara, Yoshihiro, Kimura, Akiro
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01-10-2010; Blackwell
• Subjects: ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1 - immunology; Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal - therapeutic use; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; Antigens, CD19 - immunology; Antigens, Neoplasm - immunology; antigen‐specific T cells; Antineoplastic agents; Antineoplastic Agents - therapeutic use; Biological and medical sciences; Cancer; CD19 antigen; CD38 antigen; Cell Death; chimeric receptor; Combined Modality Therapy; Combined treatments (chemotherapy of immunotherapy associated with an other treatment); Cytotoxicity; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; Female; Genetic Vectors; Hematologic and hematopoietic diseases; Humans; Immunotherapy; Immunotherapy - methods; Leukemias. Malignant lymphomas. Malignant reticulosis. Myelofibrosis; Lymphocytes B; Lymphocytes T; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, B-Cell - immunology; Lymphoma, B-Cell - pathology; Lymphoma, B-Cell - therapy; Medical sciences; Membrane Glycoproteins - immunology; Mice; Mice, Inbred NOD; Mice, SCID; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; Receptors, Antigen - genetics; Receptors, Antigen - immunology; Retroviridae - genetics; Rituximab; synergy; T-Lymphocytes - transplantation; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; Antineoplastic agent; Human; synergy; Hematology; lymphoma; Rituximab; Malignant hemopathy; B-Lymphocyte; Monoclonal antibody; Non Hodgkin lymphoma; Chimeric receptor; Cell immunotherapy; Lymphoproliferative syndrome; Immunotherapy; T-Lymphocyte; Antigen specific; antigen-specific T cells; Combined treatment; Cancer
• ISSN: 0007-1048; 1365-2141
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2010.08297.x

Summary
Using artificial receptors, it is possible to redirect the specificity of immune cells to tumour‐associated antigens, which is expected to provide a useful strategy for cancer immunotherapy. Given that B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (B‐NHL) cells invariably express CD19 and CD38, these antigens may be suitable molecular candidates for such immunotherapy. We transduced human peripheral T cells or a T‐cell line with either anti‐CD19‐chimeric receptor (CAR) or anti‐CD38‐CAR, which contained an anti‐CD19 or anti‐CD38 antibody‐derived single‐chain variable domain respectively. Retroviral transduction led to anti‐CD19‐CAR or anti‐CD38‐CAR expression in T cells with high efficiency (>60%). The T cell line, Hut78, when transduced with anti‐CD19‐CAR or anti‐CD38‐CAR, exerted strong cytotoxicity against the B‐NHL cell lines, HT and RL, and lymphoma cells isolated from patients. Interestingly, use of both CARs had an additive cytotoxic effect on HT cells in vitro. In conjunction with rituximab, human peripheral T cells expressing either anti‐CD19‐CAR or anti‐CD38‐CAR enhanced cytotoxicity against HT‐luciferase cells in xenografted mice. Moreover, the synergistic tumour‐suppressing activity was persistent in vivo for over 2 months. These results provide a powerful rationale for clinical testing of the combination of rituximab with autologous T cells carrying either CAR on aggressive or relapsed B‐NHLs.