Microwave-Assisted Hydrodistillation of Essential Oil from Plectranthus amboinicus : Evaluation of Its Antifungal Effect and Chemical Composition

• Published in: Life (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 13; no. 2; p. 528
• Main Authors: Antonio-Gutiérrez, Oscar, Alvízar-Martínez, José Antonio, Solano, Rodolfo, Vásquez-López, Alfonso, Hernández-Valladolid, Sandra Luz, Lustre-Sánchez, Hermes, Flores-Moctezuma, Hilda Elizabet, de Jesús de Luna-Santillana, Erick, Lagunez-Rivera, Luicita
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 15-02-2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Antifungal activity; Biological activity; Carvacrol; Caryophyllene; Caryophyllene oxide; Chemical composition; Chemical compounds; Chemicals; Communication; Cymene; Disease; Essential oils; Fungicides; Fusarium; Fusarium oxysporum; Investigations; Lippia alba; Microwaves; Natural products; o-cymene; Oils & fats; Pathogens; Pesticides; Plectranthus amboinicus; Rosmarinus officinalis; Syzygium aromaticum; Wilt; United States > US; Mexico; Fusarium oxysporum; caryophyllene; o-cymene; Syzygium aromaticum; Rosmarinus officinalis; Lippia alba; carvacrol
• ISSN: 2075-1729; 2075-1729
• DOI: 10.3390/life13020528

wilt, a vascular syndrome in a wide range of plants, is caused by the pathogen
. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the antifungal effect of four essential oils (EOs) (
,
,
, and
), which were obtained by using microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAH), against
. The yield obtained from
with the use of MAH was 0.2%, which was higher than that of a conventional extraction; its extraction time was also shorter. For concentrations of 100 and 300 μL/L,
caused an inhibition rate of 27.2 and 55.7%, respectively, while
caused an inhibition rate of 23.1 and 87.3%, respectively. It was observed that increasing the concentration also increased the % inhibition rate. The extracts of
and
caused an inhibition rate of 14.5 and 14.7% at 500 µL/L, respectively, at 10 days of incubation, while at this concentration,
and
achieved 100%. The major chemical compounds of
were carvacrol (41.20%), o-cymene (11.61%), caryophyllene (11.45%), α-bergamotene (7.71%), and caryophyllene oxide (4.62%), and these monoterpene hydrocarbons were responsible for the biological activity. The essential oil of
in appropriate concentrations is a potent antifungal agent that could be used for the control of
.