Molecular Mechanisms of Neuroinflammation in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Progression

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 24; no. 3; p. 1869
• Main Authors: Andronie-Cioara, Felicia Liana, Ardelean, Adriana Ioana, Nistor-Cseppento, Carmen Delia, Jurcau, Anamaria, Jurcau, Maria Carolina, Pascalau, Nicoleta, Marcu, Florin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 18-01-2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Aging; Alzheimer Disease - metabolism; Alzheimer's disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides - metabolism; Antigens; Brain research; cellular senescence; Central nervous system; Chemokines; Clinical trials; Cytokines; Dehydrogenases; Dementia; Genotype & phenotype; Humans; Immune system; inflammaging; Inflammation; Inflammation - metabolism; Ligands; Lymphocytes; microglia; Microglia - metabolism; Mitochondria; Molecular modelling; Neurodegeneration; neuroinflammation; Neuroinflammatory Diseases; Neurotoxicity; Oxidative stress; Proteins; Review; Risk factors; Tau protein; Thymus gland; TNF signaling; Transcription factors; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; inflammaging; cellular senescence; Alzheimer’s disease; neuroinflammation; therapy; TNF signaling; TREM2; microglia; oxidative stress
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031869

Aging is the most prominent risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Aging associates with a chronic inflammatory state both in the periphery and in the central nervous system, the evidence thereof and the mechanisms leading to chronic neuroinflammation being discussed. Nonetheless, neuroinflammation is significantly enhanced by the accumulation of amyloid beta and accelerates the progression of Alzheimer's disease through various pathways discussed in the present review. Decades of clinical trials targeting the 2 abnormal proteins in Alzheimer's disease, amyloid beta and tau, led to many failures. As such, targeting neuroinflammation via different strategies could prove a valuable therapeutic strategy, although much research is still needed to identify the appropriate time window. Active research focusing on identifying early biomarkers could help translating these novel strategies from bench to bedside.