Comparison of Whole Plastome Sequences between Thermogenic Skunk Cabbage Symplocarpus renifolius and Nonthermogenic S. nipponicus (Orontioideae; Araceae) in East Asia

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 20; no. 19; p. 4678
• Main Authors: Kim, Seon-Hee, Yang, JiYoung, Park, Jongsun, Yamada, Takayuki, Maki, Masayuki, Kim, Seung-Chul
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 20-09-2019; MDPI
• Subjects: Araceae - classification; Araceae - genetics; Biogeography; Chloroplasts; Chromosomes; DNA, Plant - genetics; Flowering; Genes; Genome, Plastid; Genomes; Japan; Korea; Life history; phylogenetic analysis; Phylogenetics; Phylogeny; plastome; Plastomes; Proteins; proto-Araceae; Species Specificity; SSRs; Symplocarpus; Symplocarpus nipponicus; Symplocarpus renifolius; Taxonomy; Thermogenesis; Japan; Korea; North America; phylogenetic analysis; proto-Araceae; thermogenesis; plastome; Symplocarpus nipponicus; SSRs; Symplocarpus renifolius
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194678

, a skunk cabbage genus, includes two sister groups, which are drastically different in life history traits and thermogenesis, as follows: The nonthermogenic summer flowering
and thermogenic early spring flowering
. Although the molecular basis of thermogenesis and complete chloroplast genome (plastome) of thermogenic
have been well characterized, very little is known for that of
. We sequenced the complete plastomes of
sampled from Japan and Korea and compared them with that of
sampled from Korea. The nonthermogenic
plastomes from Japan and Korea had 158,322 and 158,508 base pairs, respectively, which were slightly shorter than the thermogenic plastome of
. No structural or content rearrangements between the species pairs were found. Six highly variable noncoding regions (
,
,
,
,
, and
) were identified between
and
and 14 hot-spot regions were also identified at the subfamily level. We found a similar total number of SSR (simple sequence repeat) motifs in two accessions of
sampled from Japan and Korea. Phylogenetic analysis supported the basal position of subfamily Orontioideae and the monophyly of genus
, and also revealed an unexpected evolutionary relationship between
and
.