Gender-Related Aspects in Osteoarthritis Development and Progression: A Review

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease treated mostly symptomatically before approaching its definitive treatment, joint arthroplasty. The rapidly growing prevalence of OA highlights the urgent need for a more efficient treatment strategy and boosts research into the mechanisms o...

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Published in:	International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 23; no. 5; p. 2767
Main Authors:	Peshkova, Maria, Lychagin, Alexey, Lipina, Marina, Di Matteo, Berardo, Anzillotti, Giuseppe, Ronzoni, Flavio, Kosheleva, Nastasia, Shpichka, Anastasia, Royuk, Valeriy, Fomin, Victor, Kalinsky, Eugene, Timashev, Peter, Kon, Elizaveta
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 02-03-2022 MDPI
Subjects:	Androgens Arthritis Biomechanics Biomedical materials Cartilage Cartilage, Articular Cytokines Disease Progression Enzymes Estrogens Female GDP Gender Gross Domestic Product Hormones Humans Incidence Joint diseases Middle age Osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis - epidemiology Osteoarthritis - etiology Pain Review Sexes sexual dimorphism sexual diversity Testosterone Womens health biomechanics hormones osteoarthritis sexual diversity sexual dimorphism cartilage
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Summary:	Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease treated mostly symptomatically before approaching its definitive treatment, joint arthroplasty. The rapidly growing prevalence of OA highlights the urgent need for a more efficient treatment strategy and boosts research into the mechanisms of OA incidence and progression. As a multifactorial disease, many aspects have been investigated as contributors to OA onset and progression. Differences in gender appear to play a role in the natural history of the disease, since female sex is known to increase the susceptibility to its development. The aim of the present review is to investigate the cues associated with gender by analyzing various hormonal, anatomical, molecular, and biomechanical parameters, as well as their differences between sexes. Our findings reveal the possible implications of gender in OA onset and progression and provide evidence for gaps in the current state of art, thus suggesting future research directions.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23 ObjectType-Review-1
ISSN:	1422-0067 1661-6596 1422-0067
DOI:	10.3390/ijms23052767