Self-Prepared Hyaluronic Acid/Alkaline Gelatin Composite with Nano-Hydroxyapatite and Bone Morphogenetic Protein for Cranial Bone Formation

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 24; no. 2; p. 1104
• Main Authors: Hachinohe, Yuki, Taira, Masayuki, Hoshi, Miki, Yoshida, Daichi, Hatakeyama, Wataru, Sawada, Tomofumi, Kondo, Hisatomo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 06-01-2023; MDPI
• Subjects: alkaline-gelatin; Animals; Biomedical materials; Bone growth; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; bone morphogenic protein; Bone Regeneration; Bone Substitutes; chemical cross-link; Collagen; Connective tissue; Crosslinking; Dental restorative materials; Drying; Durapatite; ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether; Freeze drying; Gelatin; Growth factors; Hyaluronic Acid; hyaluronic acid-based composite; Hydroxyapatite; Lasers; nano-hydroxyapatite; Osteogenesis; Polymers; Proteins; Rats; Scanning electron microscopy; Skull; Substitute bone; Tissue Scaffolds; Trinucleotide repeats; nano-hydroxyapatite; soft X-ray; alkaline-gelatin; histological observations; hyaluronic acid-based composite; chemical cross-link; bone formation; bone morphogenic protein; ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021104

New bone-forming substitute materials are highly useful in dental implantology. The purpose of this study was to prepare cross-linked hyaluronic acid (cHLA)/cross-linked alkaline gelatin (cAG)/nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp)/bone morphogenic protein (BMP) constructs; and evaluate their bone-forming capabilities in rat cranial bone defects. The cHLA and cAG liquids processed with an epoxy cross-linker were blended with a 3:1 volume ratio, followed by freeze-drying. The dry composites were further infiltrated with water containing nHAp only (BMP (−)) or with water containing nHAp and BMP (BMP (+)). Prepared wet constructs (BMP (−) and BMP (+)) were implanted in rat cranial bone defects, while defects only were also made, and animals were fed for 8 weeks, followed by subsequent soft X-ray measurements and histological observations. The X-ray results showed that BMP (+) constructs disappeared, though caused inward extension of peripherical bone from defect edges with an increase in length of approximately 24%, larger than those of BMP (−) constructs and defect only with approximately 17% and 8% increments, respectively (p < 0.05). Histological observations of BMP (+) construct samples clearly indicated active bone extension consisting of an array of island-like bones. It was concluded that cHLA/cAG/nHAp/BMP could be used as novel bone-substitute materials.