Impact of Unsaturated Fatty Acids on Cytokine-Driven Endothelial Cell Dysfunction

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 18; no. 12; p. 2739
• Main Authors: Trommer, Simon, Leimert, Anja, Bucher, Michael, Schumann, Julia
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 16-12-2017; MDPI
• Subjects: Adhesion; adhesion molecules; Cell adhesion; Cell adhesion & migration; Cell culture; Cell Survival - drug effects; Cellular manufacture; Chemokine CCL2 - metabolism; Coagulation; Coagulation factors; Colony-stimulating factor; Cytokines; Cytokines - metabolism; Endothelial cells; Endothelial Cells - drug effects; Endothelial Cells - metabolism; endothelial dysfunction; Fatty acids; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated - pharmacology; Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; Humans; Inflammation; Intercellular adhesion molecule 1; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 - metabolism; Interferon; Interferon-gamma - metabolism; Interleukin 6; Interleukin 8; Interleukin-6 - metabolism; Interleukin-8 - metabolism; Macrophages; Monocyte chemoattractant protein; Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; Plasminogen activator inhibitors; Protein biosynthesis; PUFA; Tissue factor; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - metabolism; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; Tumor necrosis factor-α; Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 - metabolism; Von Willebrand factor; γ-Interferon; cytokines; PUFA; adhesion molecules; coagulation factors; endothelial dysfunction
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122739

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are reported to exert prophylactic and acute therapeutic effects in diseases linked to endothelial dysfunction. In the present study, the consequences of a PUFA enrichment of endothelial cells (cell line TIME) on cell viability, expression of the cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), synthesis of the adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and vascular adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and production of the coagulation factors plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), von Willebrand factor (vWF), and tissue factor (TF) was analyzed in parallel. PUFA of both the n3 and the n6 family were investigated in a physiologically relevant concentration of 15 µM, and experiments were performed in both the presence and the absence of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Supplementation of the culture medium with particular fatty acids was found to have a promoting effect on cellular production of the cytokines IL-6, IL-8, GM-CSF, and MCP-1. Further on, PUFA treatment in the absence of a stimulant diminished the percentage of endothelial cells positive for ICAM-1, and adversely affected the stimulation-induced upregulation of VCAM-1. Cell viability and production of coagulation factors were not or only marginally affected by supplemented fatty acids. Altogether, the data indicate that PUFA of either family are only partially able to counterbalance the destructive consequences of an endothelial dysfunction.