Epigenetic Mechanisms Influencing Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Bladder Cancer

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 20; no. 2; p. 297
• Main Authors: Monteiro-Reis, Sara, Lobo, João, Henrique, Rui, Jerónimo, Carmen
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 13-01-2019; MDPI
• Subjects: Bladder cancer; Cell division; Deoxyribonucleic acid; Deregulation; Disease Progression; DNA; DNA methylation; EMT; Enzymes; Epigenesis, Genetic; Epigenetics; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Gene expression; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Genomes; Genomics; Humans; In vivo methods and tests; lncRNA; Mesenchyme; Metastases; Metastasis; miRNA; Mortality; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Review; Signal Transduction; Tumors; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - genetics; Urothelial carcinoma; miRNA; lncRNA; EMT; bladder cancer; epigenetics
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020297

Bladder cancer is one of the most incident neoplasms worldwide, and its treatment remains a significant challenge, since the mechanisms underlying disease progression are still poorly understood. The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been proven to play an important role in the tumorigenic process, particularly in cancer cell invasiveness and metastatic potential. Several studies have reported the importance of epigenetic mechanisms and enzymes, which orchestrate them in several features of cancer cells and, specifically, in EMT. In this paper, we discuss the epigenetic enzymes, protein-coding and non-coding genes, and mechanisms altered in the EMT process occurring in bladder cancer cells, as well as its implications, which allows for improved understanding of bladder cancer biology and for the development of novel targeted therapies.